Category:BM

Flavonoid Database

Class Overview

The word "flavonoid" comes from its Latin origin flavus (yellow), meaning yellow-ish. It comes from its history as yellow natural dye (quercetin and kaempferol are the most widespread flavone dyes. See flavone).

In chemistry terms, it is a class of plant secondary metabolites that have two benzene rings (each called A-ring and B-ring) connected by a chain of three carbons (Figure 1). The carbon chain, corresponding to the numbers 2,3,4 in Figure 1, is linked to a hydroxyl group in the A-ring to form the C-ring. The class of flavonoids are usually determined by the modification pattern of the C-ring (Table 1).

Figure 1: The Backbone of Flavonoid Structure

Flavonoid is utilized in many industrial processes from pigments to food additives. Well known names include anthocyanin, catechin, flavan, and isoflavone.

Table 1. Flavonoid Classification

1st Class
FL1: Anthochlor (Aurone and Chalcone) safflower yellow	FL2: Flavanone white skin of orange	FL3: Flavone herbs like parsley, yellow dye
2nd Class FL1A Aurone FL1B Auronol FL1C Chalcone FL1D Dihydrochalcone
FL4: Dihydroflavonol antioxidant in grapes	FL5: Flavonol vegetables such as onion	FL6: Flavan (Leucoanthocyanidin) tea, cocoa
		2nd Class FL6F Flavan FL63 Flavan 3-ol FL64 Flavan 4-ol FL6D Flavan 3,4-diol
FL7: Anthocyani(di)n purple vegetables/fruits	FLI: Isoflavonoid beans	FLN: Neoflavonoid
2nd Class FL7A Anthocyanin FL7D 3-Deoxyanthocyanin	2nd Class FLIA Isoflavone FLIB Isoflavanone FLIC Isoflavan FLID Pterocarpane FLIE Coumestan FLIF Rotenoid FLIG Coumaranochromone FLIH 3-Arylcoumarin FLII 2-Arylbenzofuran FLIJ alpha-Methoxynbenzoin	2nd Class FLNA 4-Arylcoumarin FLNB 4-Arylchroman FLNC Dalbergiquinol FLND Dalbergione FLNE Neoflavene FLNF Coumarinic acid

Biosynthesis

Bioactivity

Database statistics/ranking

This database collects original references that report identification of flavonoid in various plant species. The database consists of three major namespaces: (flavonoid) compounds, plant species, and references. Currently, 6961 flavonoid structures, 3961 plant species, and 5215 references describing total 19861 metabolite-species relationships are registered.

Flavonoid content in food

For details, please visit this page.

Food containing high Flavanone

Flavanones are rich in citrus, not in vegetables.

Food containing high flavone

Many herbs contain flavones. Parsley is rich in apigenin; celery and thyme in luteolin.

Food containing high flavonol

Flavonols are prevalent in vegetables, usually in small amounts. Onions, kales, hot peppers are good sources.

Food containing high flavan

Catechins and epicatechins are contained in legumes and teas, but not in other vegetables.

Food containing high anthocyanin

Anthocyanins are contained in berries. Vegetables supply only small amounts.

Vegetables and herbs with scarce flavonoids

The following vegetables and herbs have flavonoid contents less than 5 mg/100 g: beets, kidney beans, snap beans, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, cucumber, endive, gourd, leek, lettuce, green peas, sweet pepper, potato, radish, tomato, oregano, perrilla, rosemary

Design of Flavonoid ID numbers

x ... backbone structure (母核構造) 

FL1 aurone and chalcone; FL2 flavanone; FL3 flavone; FL4 Dihydroflavonol; FL5 Flavonol; FL6 Flavan; FL7 Anthocyanin; FLI Isoflavonoid; FLN Neoflavonoid

y ... hydroxylation pattern in A and B ring (水酸基パターン) 

Click above categories to see details. General description is here.

z ... glycosylation pattern (糖修飾パターン) 

Click above categories to see details. General description is here.

w ... halogenation etc. (ハロゲン等) 

Currently unused.

c ... serial number (通し番号)

For Users of Flavonoid Viewer

The flavonoid IDs used in this site is the same as those in Flavonoid Viewer in metabolome.jp except for the following FL7 category.