Species:Vitis

General Index

Orders

Families

Image Links

Edibility

English Common Names: Grape, Raisin

Scientific Classification (based on APG-II and Taxonomicon)
division Jpn. 門	Tracheophyta 維管束植物門
class Jpn. 綱	Magnoliopsida モクレン綱
subclass Jpn. 亜綱	Rosidae バラ亜綱
order Jpn. 目	Vitales ブドウ目
suborder Jpn. 亜目	[[:Category:|]]
infraorder Jpn. 下目	[[:Category:|]]
parvorder Jpn. 小目	[[:Category:|]]
superfamily Jpn. 上科	[[:Category:|]]
family Jpn. 科	Vitaceae ブドウ科
subfamily Jpn. 亜科	[[:Category:|]]
tribe Jpn. 族	[[:Category:|]]
subtribe Jpn. 亜族	[[:Category:|]]
genus Jpn. 属	Vitis

Information

Flavonoid

Species-Flavonoid Relationship Reported

Species ID Metabolite Name Reference Vitis spp. FL5FAGGS0005 Myricetin 3-glucuronide Abd-Alla_MF et al. 1980 Vitis sp. FL5FACGL0019 Quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside Aguinagalde_I et al. 1982 Vitis cinerea FL7AAGGL0018 Delphinidin 3-caffeylglucoside Albach_RF et al. 1965 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0018 Delphinidin 3-caffeylglucoside Albach_RF et al. 1965 Vitis cinerea FL7AAGGL0018 Delphinidin 3-caffeylglucoside Albach_RF et al. 1965 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0018 Delphinidin 3-caffeylglucoside Albach_RF et al. 1965 Vitis sp. FL7ADINS0001 Vitisidin A Bakker_J et al. 1997 Vitis sp. FL7ADINS0002 Vitisidin B Bakker_J et al. 1997 Vitis cinerea FL7AADGL0014 Peonidin 3- (6"-caffeylglucoside) Baldi_A et al. 1995 Vitis vinifera FL7AACGL0001 Cyanidin 3-glucoside Baldi_A et al. 1995 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0010 Malvidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Baldi_A et al. 1995 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0011 Peonidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Baldi_A et al. 1995 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0014 Peonidin 3- (6"-caffeylglucoside) Baldi_A et al. 1995 Vitis cinerea FL7AAIGL0013 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-caffeylglucoside) Barloy_J 1963 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0013 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-caffeylglucoside) Barloy_J 1963 Vitis sp. FL5FACGL0015 Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside Birkofer_L et al. 1962 Vitis flexuosa FL7AAIGL0008 Malvidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside Bobbio 1987 Vitis vinifera FL63ACNS0006 (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate Bradfield_AE et al. 1948 Vitis vinifera FL63AGNS0001 (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate Bradfield_AE et al. 1948 Vitis vinifera FL4DACGS0011 Astilbin Cambie_RC 1959 Vitis vinifera FL7AAHGL0001 Petunidin 3-glucoside Carreno-Diaz_R et al. 1969 Vitis sp. FL5FADGL0016 Isorhamnetin 3,4'-diglucoside Ceska_O et al. 1984 Vitis sp. FL5FACGL0015 Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside Farkas_L et al. 1974 Vitis amurensis FL7AADGL0019 Peonidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) -5-glucoside Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis cinerea FL7AADGL0013 Peonidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis cinerea FL7AAHGL0011 Petunidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0013 Peonidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0019 Peonidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) -5-glucoside Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0017 Peonidin acetyl 3,5-diglucoside Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis vinifera FL7AAHGL0009 Petunidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis vinifera FL7AAHGL0011 Petunidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0019 Malvidin-3- (6-O-p-coumarylglucoside) -5-glucoside Fong_RA et al. 1974 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0002 Oxycoccicyanin Francis_FJ et al. 1966 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0007 Peonidin 3,5-diglucoside Francis_FJ et al. 1966 Vitis vinifera FL4DACGS0011 Astilbin Gaffield_W et al. 1975 Vitis vinifera FL4DACGS0011 Astilbin Gaffield_W et al. 1975 Vitis cinerea FL7AAIGL0013 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-caffeylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0015 Delphinidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0017 Delphinidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0010 Malvidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0013 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-caffeylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis vinifera FL7AAHGL0009 Petunidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis cinerea FL7AAHGL0011 Petunidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis vinifera FL7AACGL0023 Cyanidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis vinifera FL7AAHGL0011 Petunidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Gonzalez-San_Jose_ML et al. 1990 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0002 Oxycoccicyanin Grove_KE._Robinson_R 1931 Vitis amurensis FL7AAIGL0012 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Gueffroy_DE et al. 1971 Vitis cinerea FL7AAIGL0012 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Gueffroy_DE et al. 1971 Vitis spp. FL7AAIGL0012 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Gueffroy_DE et al. 1971 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0012 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Gueffroy_DE et al. 1971 Vitis vinifera FL7AACGL0030 Cyanidin 3- (6-O-p-coumarylglucoside) Harborne_JB 1964 Vitis vinifera FL63ACNS0001 (+) -Catechin Hardegger_E et al. 1957 Vitis sp. FL5FACGL0019 Quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside Herrmann_K 1958 Vitis rotundifolia FL7AAHGL0013 Petunidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) -5-glucoside Hrazdina_G et al. 1974 Vitis flexuosa FL7AAIGL0008 Malvidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside Ishikura_N et al. 1976 Vitis vinifera FL4DAAGS0004 Engeletin Janes_NF et al. 1960 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0002 Delphinidin 3-glucoside Karrer_P et al. 1933 Vitis sp. FL5FACGL0050 Quercetin 3,7,4'-triglucoside Kokubo_T et al. 1991 Vitis vinifera FL63AGNS0004 Gallocatechin 3-O-gallate Lee_CY et al. 1990 Vitis amurensis FL7AAIGL0012 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Liao_FW et al. 1970 Vitis cinerea FL7AAIGL0012 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Liao_FW et al. 1970 Vitis spp. FL7AAIGL0012 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Liao_FW et al. 1970 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0012 Malvidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Liao_FW et al. 1970 Vitis sp. FL5FADGL0016 Isorhamnetin 3,4'-diglucoside Moore_MB et al. 1931 Vitis sp. FL3FAACS0073 Dulcinoside Moore_MO et al. 1994 Vitis vinifera FL63ACNS0001 (+) -Catechin Perkin_AG et al. 1902 Vitis vinifera FL7AAHGL0001 Petunidin 3-glucoside Pomilio_AB 1973 Vitis vinifera FL7ARXGL0005 Malvidin 3-glucoside-4-vinylcatechol Pozo-Bayon_MA et al. 2004 Vitis vinifera FL7ARXGL0006 Malvidin 3-glucoside-4-vinylguaiacol Pozo-Bayon_MA et al. 2004 Vitis vinifera FL7ARXGL0004 Malvidin 3-glucoside-4-vinylphenol Pozo-Bayon_MA et al. 2004 Vitis vinifera FL7ARXGL0003 Malvidin 3-glucoside-pyruvate Pozo-Bayon_MA et al. 2004 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0002 Delphinidin 3-glucoside Reynolds_TM et al. 1934 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0021 Awobanin Saito_N et al. 1992 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0019 Malvidin-3- (6-O-p-coumarylglucoside) -5-glucoside Saito_N et al. 1992 Vitis vinifera FL7AACGL0030 Cyanidin 3- (6-O-p-coumarylglucoside) Saito_N et al. 1987 Vitis spp. FL5FAGGS0005 Myricetin 3-glucuronide Smith_DM et al. 1982 Vitis vinifera FL7AAAGL0017 Pelargonidin 3-p-coumarylglucoside Strack_D et al. 1980 Vitis piasezkii FL1DAAGS0003 Trilobatin Tanaka_T et al. 1980 Vitis saccharifera FL1DAAGS0003 Trilobatin Tanaka_T et al. 1980 Vitis vinifera FL4DAAGS0004 Engeletin Tominaga_T 1955 Vitis vinifera FL7AACGL0023 Cyanidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Van_Wyk_BE et al. 1994 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0011 Peonidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Van_Wyk_BE et al. 1994 Vitis vinifera FL63AGNS0004 Gallocatechin 3-O-gallate Varnaite_R 1983 Vitis vinifera FL7AAAGL0017 Pelargonidin 3-p-coumarylglucoside Vega_FA et al. 1972 Vitis amurensis FL63ACNC0006 (-) -Amurensisin Wang_JN et al. 2000 Vitis vinifera FL63ACNS0006 (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate Weinges_K et al. 1971 Vitis piasezkii FL1DAAGS0003 Trilobatin Williams_AH 1961 Vitis saccharifera FL1DAAGS0003 Trilobatin Williams_AH 1961 Vitis rotundifolia FL7AAHGL0013 Petunidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) -5-glucoside Williams_M et al. 1978 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0021 Awobanin Williams_M et al. 1978 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0017 Delphinidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Williams_M et al. 1978 Vitis vinifera FL7AAHGL0005 Petunin Willstaetter_R et al. 1917 Vitis spp. FL7AACGL0004 Cyanin Willstaetter_R et al. 1913 Vitis spp. FL7AAIGO0001 Malvin Willstaetter_R et al. 1915 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0007 Delphin Willstaetter_R et al. 1915 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0007 Peonidin 3,5-diglucoside Willstaetter_R et al. 1915 Vitis vinifera FL7AAIGL0001 Oenin Willstaetter_R et al. 1915 Vitis vinifera FL7AAAGL0002 Pelargonidin 3-glucoside Willstatter 1916 Vitis cinerea FL7AADGL0013 Peonidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Wulf_LW et al. 1978 Vitis vinifera FL7AAGGL0015 Delphinidin 3- (6"-acetylglucoside) Wulf_LW et al. 1978 Vitis vinifera FL7AADGL0013 Peonidin 3- (6"-p-coumarylglucoside) Wulf_LW et al. 1978

Cytochrome P450

'A' indicates CYP families in Arabidopsis. CYP51 ^A  CYP701 ^A  CYP703 ^A  CYP704 ^A  CYP706 ^A  CYP707 ^A  CYP709 ^A  CYP71 ^A  CYP710 ^A  CYP711 ^A  CYP712 ^A  CYP714 ^A  CYP715 ^A  CYP716 ^A  CYP718  CYP72 ^A  CYP720 ^A  CYP721 ^A  CYP722 ^A  CYP724 ^A  CYP727  CYP728  CYP73 ^A  CYP733  CYP734 ^A  CYP735 ^A  CYP736  CYP74 ^A  CYP75 ^A  CYP76 ^A  CYP77 ^A  CYP78 ^A  CYP79 ^A  CYP80  CYP81 ^A  CYP82 ^A  CYP84 ^A  CYP85 ^A  CYP86 ^A  CYP87 ^A  CYP88 ^A  CYP89 ^A  CYP90 ^A  CYP92  CYP93 ^A  CYP94 ^A  CYP96 ^A  CYP97 ^A  CYP98 ^A  

Endangered Species

Rank	Japanese Name (和名)	Latin Name (学名)
絶滅危惧ⅠA類（CR)	クマガワブドウ	Vitis romanetii
絶滅危惧ⅠB類（EN）	シラガブドウ	Vitis amurensis

Okinawa Red Data Book

Latin Name (our page)	和名 (Okinawa Pref.)	科名	県版RDB	環境庁RDB､他
Vitis quinquangularis Rehder	キィルンブドウ	ブドウ科	未決定種
Vitis flexuosa Thunberg	サンカクヅル	ブドウ科	危急種

Medicinal Plants used by Ainu

学名 (our page)	和名	科名	アイヌ語名	薬用	食用	工芸用	出典
Vitis coignetiae Pulliat ex Planch.	ヤマブドウ	ブドウ科　Vitaceae	ハッ hat，果実、(北海道全地)	果実：コウライテンナンショウを食べて中毒した時、解毒剤として食べた。	若い葉柄：皮をむいて生食。巻髭：生食。果実：生食。果汁を発酵させて酒として飲んだ。果汁に海水を混ぜ、サンショウの葉を加え、マスの刺身などを浸して食べた。	茎：綱、手提げ袋や夏に履くわらじの材料。葉：陰干してタバコに混ぜて呑んだ。皮：洗髪用たわし材料。	知里真志保「分類アイヌ語辞典植物篇」

English Codex Vegetabilis (1957)

Vitis vinifera  

Bangladeshi Folk Medicine

Vitis trifolia L.

Family/Genus Description

For comprehensive information, visit Vitis page. (BY Shigeharu Okamoto)

• Vitis L.

ブドウ科 【属名】ウィティス;ブドウ属 grape 約60種からなり、中央アジアから地中海沿岸地域、北米とカリブ海沿岸地域、東アジアの3地域に分布する。巻きひげをもつ落葉性のつる性木本。

• Vitis 'Cabernet Sauvignon'

ブドウ科 カベルネソーヴィニョン ボルドー地方で古くから栽培されている赤ワイン(クラレット)用の品種。

• Vitis 'Semillon'

ブドウ科 セミョン ボルドー地方の貴腐ワインの原料とされる品種として有名。

• Vitis aestivalis

ブドウ科 サマーグレープ summer grape; pigeon grape; bunch grape

• Vitis amurensis

ブドウ科 マンシュウヤマブドウ;チョウセンヤマブドウ Amur grape 耐寒性がきわめて強い。

• Vitis berlandieri;Vitis cinerea var.helleri

ブドウ科 ヘラーズグレープ Heller's grape

• Vitis coignetiae

ブドウ科 ヤマブドウ crimson glory vine 巻きひげをつける落葉性木本蔓植物。粉に覆われた黒い果実をつけ、秋に美しく紅葉する。

• Vitis labrusca

ブドウ科 アメリカブドウ fox grape; skunk grape 果実に独特の異臭がある。アメリカ系品種の元になった。

• Vitis riparia

ブドウ科 リバーバンクグレープ riverbank grape; frost grape

• Vitis rotundifolia

ブドウ科 マスカジン muscadine grape

• Vitis rupestris

ブドウ科 ブッシュグレープ bush grape; sand grape

• Vitis thunbergii

ブドウ科 エビヅル;エビカズラ wild purple grape

• Vitis vinifera

ブドウ科 ヨーロッパブドウ;オウシュウブドウ European grape; wine grape 世界中で栽培されているブドウの大部分の品種は、本種から改良された。

• Vitis vinifera 'Thompson Seedless'

ブドウ科 トムソンシードレス 乾果用の代表的品種で、世界の干しブドウの半分以上は本種から作られる。

• Vitis vulpina

ブドウ科 ウィンター・グレープ winter grape; fox grape; river bank grape; grape; frost grape; riverbank grape

Links

Images

• TAMU's Vascular Plant Image Library

• Image Gallery (T.Schoepke) Vitaceae

• 植物園 Vitis flexuosa ギョウジャノミズ（行者の水）、サンカクヅル（三角蔓）
• 植物園 Vitis thumbergii var. izu-insularis シチトウエビヅル
• 植物園 Vitis ブドウ（葡萄）
• 植物園 Vitis coignetiae ヤマブドウ（山葡萄）

• 大阪府立中央図書館 "19c Medicinal Plants" Vitis vinifera 葡萄（ブドウ）
• 大阪府立中央図書館 "19c Medicinal Plants" Vitis vinifera 葡萄（ブドウ）

• NAGY版植物図鑑 vitis ブドウ属

• 跡見群芳譜 Vitis ficifolia エビヅル
• 跡見群芳譜 Vitis thunbergii エビヅル
• 跡見群芳譜 Vitis flexuosa サンカクヅル
• 跡見群芳譜 Vitis vinifera ブドウ
• 跡見群芳譜 Vitis coignetiae ヤマブドウ
• 跡見群芳譜 Vitis labruscana アメリカブドウ

Trivia

• 植物雑学事典 Vitaceae ブドウ科

• 植物学リソース Vitaceae ブドウ科

• ギンジョーの薬草ハーブ日和 ブドウ Vitis vinifera L. 葡萄

Wine and Phenolics

Major phenolic constituents of wine (mg / l)
Phenolics	red wine	white wine
catechin	191	35
epicatechin	82	21
gallic acid	95	7
cyanidin	3	0
malvidin 3-glucoside	24	1
rutin	9	0
quercetin	8	0
myricetin	9	0
resveratrol	1.5	0

Total antioxidant activity of wines (mM) (may vary over a factor of 2)
Californian Pinot Noir, Rioja, Bouzy Rouge	12-14
Australian Shiraz	16
Bordeaux and Chianti	23
Green tea	4

French Paradox

French Paradox refers to the potential health benefits of moderate wine consumption, because of the low risk of coronary heart diseases in moderate wine drinkers. This observation was associated with resveratrol, which was reported to activate Sirtuin (or Sir2) protein, a histone deacetylase implicated in anti-aging or prelonging life-span . Sirtuin activation, however, has been the subject of controversy . Even when it is true, the biological activity of scarce (less than 5 mg/l) and rapidly metabolizing resveratrol in wine needs further study. In more recent study, resveratrol is known to inhibit COX-1 (cyclo-oxygenase-1) and COX-2, NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) and QR2 (quinone reductase 2) .