Category:FL
m (→Class Overview) |
m |
||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
The carbon chain, corresponding to the numbers 2,3,4 in Figure 1, is linked to a hydroxyl group in the A-ring to form the C-ring. The class of flavonoids are usually determined by the modification pattern of the C-ring (Table 1). | The carbon chain, corresponding to the numbers 2,3,4 in Figure 1, is linked to a hydroxyl group in the A-ring to form the C-ring. The class of flavonoids are usually determined by the modification pattern of the C-ring (Table 1). | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | Flavonoid is utilized in many industrial processes from pigments to food additives. Often heard names include anthocyanin, catechin, flavan, and isoflavone. | + | Flavonoid is utilized in many industrial processes from pigments to food additives. Often heard names include anthocyanin, catechin, flavan, and isoflavone. {{WrittenBy|Masanori Arita}} |
| | | | ||
フラボノイドの語源は,ラテン語の flavus （黄色）に「～のような」という意味の oid をつけたものです。これは代表的なフラボンであるquercetinやkaempferolが広く使われてきた黄色の天然色素であることに由来しています ([[:Category:FL3F|flavone]]参照)。 | フラボノイドの語源は,ラテン語の flavus （黄色）に「～のような」という意味の oid をつけたものです。これは代表的なフラボンであるquercetinやkaempferolが広く使われてきた黄色の天然色素であることに由来しています ([[:Category:FL3F|flavone]]参照)。 | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
Figure 1 において 2,3,4 と番号付けされた炭素鎖は A 環の水酸基と結合して C 環を構成します。フラボノイドのカテゴリーは,たいてい C 環の修飾パターンで決まります (Table 1)。 | Figure 1 において 2,3,4 と番号付けされた炭素鎖は A 環の水酸基と結合して C 環を構成します。フラボノイドのカテゴリーは,たいてい C 環の修飾パターンで決まります (Table 1)。 | ||
| − | フラボノイドの用途は 色素から食品添加物まで多様です。 よく耳にするものでは, アントシアニン, カテキン, フラバン（茶）, イソフラボンなど, 全てフラボノイドです。 | + | フラボノイドの用途は 色素から食品添加物まで多様です。 よく耳にするものでは, アントシアニン, カテキン, フラバン（茶）, イソフラボンなど, 全てフラボノイドです。 {{WrittenBy|有田正規}} |
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 23:33, 9 December 2009
Flavonoid (フラボノイド)
| Flavonoid Top | Molecule Index | Author Index | Journals | Structure Search | Food | New Input |
Contents[hide] |
Class Overview
The word "flavonoid" comes from its Latin origin flavus (yellow) with oid, meaning yellow-ish. It comes from its history as yellow natural dye (quercetin and kaempferol are the most widespread flavone dyes. See flavone). Chemically speaking, it is a class of plant secondary metabolites that have two benzene rings (each called A-ring and B-ring) connected by a chain of three carbons (Figure 1).
The carbon chain, corresponding to the numbers 2,3,4 in Figure 1, is linked to a hydroxyl group in the A-ring to form the C-ring. The class of flavonoids are usually determined by the modification pattern of the C-ring (Table 1).
Flavonoid is utilized in many industrial processes from pigments to food additives. Often heard names include anthocyanin, catechin, flavan, and isoflavone. (BY Masanori Arita)
| 1st Class | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FL1: Anthochlor (Aurone and Chalcone) オーロン、カルコン  safflower yellow 紅花（末摘花）の黄色 |
FL2: Flavanone フラバノン  white skin of orange みかんジュースの白沈 |
FL3: Flavone フラボン  herbs like parsley セロリやパセリ等ハーブ | ||||||
|
FL2F: Flavanone | FL3F: Flavone | ||||||
| FL4: Dihydroflavonol ジヒドロフラボノール  antioxidant in grapes ブドウの抗酸化成分 |
FL5: Flavonol フラボノール  vegetables such as onion たまねぎ等多くの野菜 |
FL6: Flavan Leucoanthocyanidin フラバン  tea, cocoa お茶、ココア | ||||||
| FL4D: Dihydroflavonol | FL5F: Flavonol |
| ||||||
| FL7: Anthocyani(di)n アントシアニ(ジ)ン  purple vegetables/fruits (赤)紫の野菜、果物 |
FLI: Isoflavonoid イソフラボノイド  beans 豆類 |
FLN: Neoflavonoid ネオフラボノイド 
| ||||||
|
|
| ||||||
Biosynthesis 生合成
| [show] Explanation (解説) |
|---|
| 4-coumaroyl CoA + malonyl CoA | |||||||||||||||
 CHS
| |||||||||||||||
| CHALCONES, AURONES | chalcone | FLAVONES | |||||||||||||
| CHI
|
 FS
| ||||||||||||||
IFS 
|
FLAVANONE naringenin |
kaempferol | FLAVONOLS | quercetin | myricetin | ||||||||||
| ISO-FLAVONES | F3H
|
FLS
|
FLS
|
FLS
| |||||||||||
| DIHYDRO FLAVONOLS | dihydro-kaempferol | F3'H
|
dihydro-quercetin | F3'5'H
|
dihydro-myricetin | ||||||||||
| DFR
|
DFR
|
DFR
|
|||||||||||||
| LEUCOANTHO-CYANIDINS (flavan diols) |
leuco-pelargonidin |  LAR
|
leuco-cyanidin | LAR
|
leuco-delphinidin | LAR
|
|||||||||
| LDOX
|
PROANTHO- CYANIDINS | LDOX
|
PROANTHO- CYANIDINS | LDOX
|
PROANTHO- CYANIDINS | ||||||||||
| ANTHO-CYANIDINS | pelargonidin | ANR 
|
cyanidin | ANR
|
delphinidin | ANR
| |||||||||
| UF3GT
|
epi-afzelechin | UF3GT
|
epi-catechin | UF3GT
|
epigallo-catechin | FLAVAN 3-OLS | |||||||||
| ANTHO-CYANINS | pelargonidin 3-glucoside | cyanidin 3-glucoside | delphinidin 3-glucoside | ||||||||||||
|
|
| |||||||||||||
| [show] Information for the Gene Abbreviations (遺伝子略称の詳細) |
|---|
Bioactivity
| all flavonoids
photoprotectant, anti-oxidant |
全フラボノイド
抗紫外線、抗酸化作用 |
| Tannins (proanthocyanidins)
anti-bacteria, anti-fungi |
タンニン (プロアントシアニジニン)
抗菌、抗カビ作用 |
- ↑ Ryan KG, Swinny EE, Markham KR, Winefield C: Flavonoid gene expression and UV photoprotection in transgenic and mutant Penunia leaves. Phytochem 2002 59:23-32
- ↑ Li J, Ou-Lee T-M, Raba R, Amundson RG, Last RL: Arabidopsis flavonoid mutants are hypersensitive to UV-B irradiation. Plant Cell 1993 5: 171?179
Links to familiar names 耳にする名前
- isoflavonoid in beans (豆のイソフラボン)
- anthocyanin in berries (ベリーのアントシアニン)
- catechin in tea (お茶のカテキン)
- rutin in buckwheat (ソバのルチン)
- hesperidin in orange (ミカンのヘスペリジン)
- naringenin chalcone in tomato (トマトのナリンゲニンカルコン)
Database statistics/ranking データベース統計
This database collects original references that report identification of flavonoid in various plant species. The database consists of three major namespaces: (flavonoid) compounds, plant species, and references. Currently, 6961 flavonoid structures, 3961 plant species, and 5215 references describing total 19861 metabolite-species relationships are registered.
Flavonoid content in food 食品中の量
| Category | Flavonol | Flavone | Flavan | Flavanone |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Names | quercetin, kampferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin | apigenin, luteolin | catechin, epicatechin | |
| broccoli ブロッコリ | Δ | |||
| celery セロリ | ΔΔ | |||
| fava そら豆 | ΔΔ | |||
| hot pepper とうがらし | ΔΔ | |||
| onion たまねぎ | ΔΔ (Δ) | |||
| parsley パセリ | ΔΔΔ | |||
| peppermint ペパーミント | ΔΔ | |||
| spinach ほうれん草 | Δ | |||
| thyme タイム | ΔΔΔ | |||
| watercress クレソン | Δ | |||
| dill, fennel ディル, フェンネル | ΔΔΔ |
Δ 5 to <10 mg/100 g; ΔΔ 10 to <50 mg/100 g; ΔΔΔ 50< mg/100 g
The following vegetables and herbs have flavonoid contents less than 5 mg/100 g: beets, kidney beans, snap beans, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, cucumber, endive, gourd, leek, lettuce, green peas, sweet pepper, potato, radish, tomato, oregano, perrilla, rosemary
Design of Flavonoid ID numbers ID番号の設計
12-DIGIT
| F | L | x | x | y | y | z | z | w | c | c | c |
- x ... backbone structure (母核構造)
FL1 aurone and chalcone; FL2 flavanone; FL3 flavone; FL4 Dihydroflavonol; FL5 Flavonol; FL6 Flavan; FL7 Anthocyanin; FLI Isoflavonoid; FLN Neoflavonoid
- y ... hydroxylation pattern in A and B ring (水酸基パターン)
Click above categories to see details. General description is here.
- z ... glycosylation pattern (糖修飾パターン)
Click above categories to see details. General description is here.
- w ... halogenation etc. (ハロゲン等)
Currently unused.
- c ... serial number (通し番号)
For Users of Flavonoid Viewer
The flavonoid IDs used in this site is the same as those in Flavonoid Viewer in metabolome.jp except for the following FL7 category.
| Anthocyanin glycosylated with other than glucose and galactose | ||
|---|---|---|
| Flavonoid Viewer FL7A..GS |
→ | This site FL7A..GO |
Subcategories
This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total.
