Doc:Alcohol/Wine
From Metabolomics.JP
Wine and Phenolics
| Major phenolic constituents of wine (mg / l)[1] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Phenolics | red wine | white wine |
| catechin | 191 | 35 |
| epicatechin | 82 | 21 |
| gallic acid | 95 | 7 |
| cyanidin | 3 | 0 |
| malvidin 3-glucoside | 24 | 1 |
| rutin | 9 | 0 |
| quercetin | 8 | 0 |
| myricetin | 9 | 0 |
| resveratrol | 1.5 | 0 |
| Total antioxidant activity of wines (mM)[2] (may vary over a factor of 2) | |
|---|---|
| Californian Pinot Noir, Rioja, Bouzy Rouge | 12-14 |
| Australian Shiraz | 16 |
| Bordeaux and Chianti | 23 |
| Green tea | 4 |
- ↑ Frankel EN, Waterhouse AL, Teissedre P (1995) J Agric Food Chem 43, 890-894
- ↑ Rice-Evans C, Miller NJ, Paganga G (1996) Free Rad Biol Med 20, 933-956
French Paradox
French Paradox refers to the potential health benefits of moderate wine consumption, because of the low risk of coronary heart diseases in moderate wine drinkers. This observation was associated with resveratrol, which was reported to activate Sirtuin (or Sir2) protein, a histone deacetylase implicated in anti-aging or prelonging life-span [1][2][3]. Sirtuin activation, however, has been the subject of controversy [4][5]. Even when it is true, the biological activity of scarce (less than 5 mg/l) and rapidly metabolizing resveratrol in wine needs further study. In more recent study, resveratrol is known to inhibit COX-1 (cyclo-oxygenase-1) and COX-2, NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) and QR2 (quinone reductase 2) [6].
- ↑ Jang M et al. Pezzuto JM (1997) "Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes" Science 275(5297):218-220
- ↑ Howitz et al. (2003) "Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan" Nature 425:191-196
- ↑ Baur JA et al. Sinclair DA (2006) "Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet" Nature 444:337-342
- ↑ Kaeberlein M & Kennedy BK (2007) "Does resveratrol activate yeast Sir2 in vivo?" Aging Cell 6:415–416
- ↑ Beher D et al. (2009) "Resveratrol is Not a Direct Activator of SIRT1 Enzyme Activity" Chem Biol Drug Des 74:619–624
- ↑ Calamini B et al. (2010) "Pleiotropic mechanisms facilitated by resveratrol and its metabolites" Biochem J 429:273–282
