Category:FL7A
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===Target of fruit and flower color engineering=== | ===Target of fruit and flower color engineering=== | ||
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| − | Anthocyanin contains 3 aromatic rings, and glycosylation at the 3-OH position is necessary for stabilizing the aromatic ring. The general color of anchocyanin is red in acidic environment and purple/blue in alkali. The colors are, however, dependent on many other factors such as additional modifications and metal ions as is suggested by multi-color flowers such as pansy (yellow, orange, purple, violet, deep blue). | + | Anthocyanin contains 3 aromatic rings, and glycosylation at the 3-OH position is necessary for stabilizing the aromatic ring. The general color of anchocyanin is red in acidic environment and purple/blue in alkali. The colors are, however, dependent on many other factors such as additional modifications and metal ions as is suggested by multi-color flowers such as [[Species:Viola|pansy]] (yellow, orange, purple, violet, deep blue). |
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| − | アントシアニンは芳香環を3つ有し, 3-OH位置への糖転移は芳香環を安定させるために必要といわれています。 | + | アントシアニンは芳香環を3つ有し, 3-OH位置への糖転移は芳香環を安定させるために必要といわれています。 色は一般的には酸性で赤、アルカリ性で青ですが、[[Species:Viola|パンジー]]に様々な色(黄, オレンジ, 紫, 青, 濃紺など)があるように, 金属イオンや他の修飾基など様々な要素に左右されます。 |
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関連文献 | 関連文献 | ||
Revision as of 01:20, 8 October 2008
Anthocyanin
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Upper classes : FL Flavonoid : FL7 Anthocyani(di)n
The Greek word origin of anthocyanin is "flower" ἀνθός (anthos) and "blue" κυανός (kyanos). Water-soluble pigments from flowers and fruits in red, blue, and purple are originally called anthocyan. The flavonoid backbone without sugar (shown below) is called anthocyanidin (it is called aglycon because it is devoid of glyco moiety), and structure with sugars is called anthocyanin. Except for carotenoid (yellow) or indigo (deep blue), most pigments of plant origin are anthocyanins.
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Target of fruit and flower color engineering
Anthocyanin contains 3 aromatic rings, and glycosylation at the 3-OH position is necessary for stabilizing the aromatic ring. The general color of anchocyanin is red in acidic environment and purple/blue in alkali. The colors are, however, dependent on many other factors such as additional modifications and metal ions as is suggested by multi-color flowers such as pansy (yellow, orange, purple, violet, deep blue).
関連文献
- Kroon J. et al. Plant J. 1994 Jan;5(1):69-80 PMID: 8130799
- Boss PK. et al. Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Nov;32(3):565-9 PMID: 8980508
- Fukuchi-Mizutani M. et al. Plant Physiol. 2003 Jul;132(3):1652-63 PMID: 12857844 (research paper on Blue Rose)
Major Plant Families
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The number in each family is counted as the number of genera (not species) listed in our registered references. Each reference record is accessible by clicking the link in compound pages. The taxonomy follows the APG-II classification. For details (or if the figure is broken), visit this page. 各科のカウントは種名でなく文献に記載された属名の数です。文献は代謝物ページのリンクからたどれ、分類はAPG-IIです。左の図が表示されない場合はここをクリックしてください。 |
Patterns of Hydroxylation
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The 5th and 6th digits of our flavonoid ID indicates the hydroxylation patterns of A-ring and B-ring (See the upper-right figure. The leftmost ring is A, rightmost is B), respectively. The following chart is spanned by these 2 digits. R indicates H or CH3, and R' indicates H or R. Numbers are IUPAC positions. The value in each cell (such as GS: glycosilation only) corresponds to the 7th and 8th digits, which is explained at the bottom of this page.
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Position of -OH (-OCH3) groups |
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| A (104 pages) | B (0 pages) | C (177 pages) | D (41 pages) | E (0 pages) | F (0 pages) | G (116 pages) | H (35 pages) | I (62 pages) | J (0 pages) | K (0 pages) | L (0 pages) | 8 (0 pages) | 9 (0 pages) | ||
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A (500 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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B (12 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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C (6 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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D (2 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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E (11 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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F (4 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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G (0 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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1 (0 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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2 (0 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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3 (0 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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4 (0 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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9 (0 pages) | ||||||||||||||
Abbreviations used in the above chart
- First Characters
N not glycosylated; G O-glycoside; C C-glycoside; D both glycosides;
- Second Characters
S not modified; M alkylated; I prenylated; R cyclic-prenylated; F furanoFL; P pyranoFL; D furano and pyranoFL; N phenylpropanoid; C others;
- Special Second Character only for Anthycyanin (FL7)
A Galactosylated; L Glucosylated; O modified with other sugars;
Other Unusual Patterns
These types are not classified in the above chart.
| Quinone | QU (0 pages) | alpha-Hydroxy | HX (0 pages) | beta-Hydroxy | HY (0 pages) | Peltogynoid | PT (0 pages) |
| Retrocalchone | RT (0 pages) | Dehydro-backbone | WX (0 pages) | Additional rings | RN (0 pages) | Others | UN (0 pages) |
| Pyranoanthocyanin (FL7 only) | RX (8 pages) | ||||||
Patterns of Glycosylation
The 7th and 8th digits of the flavonoid ID indicates the glycosylation, and other modification patterns, respectively. The following chart is spanned by these 2 digits. The value in each cell (such as AA for the standard form) corresponds to the 5th and 6th digits.
| 7th digit → 8th digit ↓ |
No glycosylation N (18 pages) | O-glycoside G (523 pages) | C-glycoside C (1 pages) | O- & C-glycoside D (1 pages) | |
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| no modification | S (51 pages) | ||||
| alkylated | M (0 pages) | ||||
| prenylated | I (0 pages) | ||||
| cyclic prenylated | R (0 pages) | ||||
| furano FL | F (0 pages) | ||||
| pyrano FL | P (0 pages) | ||||
| furano & pyrano FL | D (0 pages) | ||||
| prenylpropanoid | N (0 pages) | ||||
| others | C (0 pages) | ||||
| 3-Gal related | A | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | |
| 3-Glc related | L | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | |
| other sugar at 3 | O | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | |
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