Aritalab:Lecture/Biochem/Extraction
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− | + | {{Bilingual|天然物化学は "抽出" と "分離または精製" からスタートします。| Natural product chemistry starts with "extraction" and "separation / purification." | |
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=={{Bilingual|Extraction|抽出}}== | =={{Bilingual|Extraction|抽出}}== | ||
;''Like dissolves like'' | ;''Like dissolves like'' |
Revision as of 13:57, 2 June 2011
Wiki Top | Up one level | レポートの書き方 | Arita Laboratory |
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Natural product chemistry starts with "extraction" and "separation / purification."
抽出
- Like dissolves like
Solvent for extraction is chosen to share similar polarity with the target compound.
- terpenoid, steroid (alicyclics and aromatics)
→ low polarity solvent (e.g. hexane) - saccharide, glycoside, amino acid
→ high polarity solvent (e.g. water) - both
→ methanol
- Polarity (極性)
H2O > methanol > ethanol > acetone > ether > chloroform > benzene > cyclohexane
分離と精製
Chromatography separates target compounds using their physico-chemical difference in adsorption or partition between stationary and mobile phases.
- normal phase
- polarity of stationary phase > polarity of mobile phase
- silica gel + organic solvent
- cyclohexane, benzene, chloroform, ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol
- reverse phase
- polarity of stationary phase < polarity of mobile phase
- coated silica beads + water
- water + acetonitrile, water + methanol, water + tetrahydrofuran (THF)
(High Performance) Liquid Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography | |
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Adsorption-type 吸着型 |
Liquid-solid type (LSC)
silica gel, alumina, or porous polymers are used as adsorbent.
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Gas-solid type (GSC)
Packed column has 2∼4 mm diameter and 30∼60 cm length, and is filled with diatomite, silica and silicon oil. |
Partition-type 分配型 |
Liquid-liquid type (LLC) uses coated-silica beads.
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Gas-liquid type (GLC) Capillary column has 0.2 mm diameter and > 25 m length, whose inside part is coated with silicon oil. |
- シリカへの吸着度合い
-COOH > -OH > -NH2 > -C=O > -OCH3 > -Cl