Doc:Scientific name
From Metabolomics.JP
(Difference between revisions)
m (→Website) |
|||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
=What is Scientific name?= | =What is Scientific name?= | ||
{{Twocolumn| | {{Twocolumn| | ||
| − | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_name Scientific name] (informally referred to as Latin name) is the formal system for naming species under the guideline by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Each name is written as two Latin words, a genus name and a specific name or epithet, followed by the (for plants, abbreviated) surname of the reporting scientist. This binomial nomenclature was proposed by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778). | + | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_name Scientific name] (informally referred to as Latin name) is the formal system for naming species under the guideline by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Each name is written as two Latin words, a genus name and a specific name or epithet, followed by the (for plants, abbreviated) surname of the reporting scientist. For animals, abbreviation is not allowed. This binomial nomenclature was proposed by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778). |
| | | | ||
| − | [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D 学名](慣用的にラテン名ともいいます)とは国際植物命名規約にしたがってつけられた生物種の名前です。ラテン語2語で「属名(generic name)」、「種小名(specific epithet)」を記し、最後に「命名者」(植物の場合はその省略形) | + | [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D 学名](慣用的にラテン名ともいいます)とは国際植物命名規約にしたがってつけられた生物種の名前です。ラテン語2語で「属名(generic name)」、「種小名(specific epithet)」を記し、最後に「命名者」(植物の場合はその省略形)を付記します。動物では省略しません。この二命名法はカール・フォン・リンネ（1707-1778）により発案されました。 |
}} | }} | ||
=Plant Classification (分類体系)= | =Plant Classification (分類体系)= | ||
{{Twocolumn| | {{Twocolumn| | ||
All taxonomy systems try to reflect the trace of evolution. There are 3 major systems. (For others see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy here]. | All taxonomy systems try to reflect the trace of evolution. There are 3 major systems. (For others see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy here]. | ||
| − | ;Engler System | + | ;The Engler System |
: Proposed by a German taxonomist, Adolf Engler (1844-1930). He considered plants evolved from simpler to more complex forms, such as from achlamydeous, monochlamydeous, schizopetalous, then to gamopetalous. | : Proposed by a German taxonomist, Adolf Engler (1844-1930). He considered plants evolved from simpler to more complex forms, such as from achlamydeous, monochlamydeous, schizopetalous, then to gamopetalous. | ||
| − | ;Cronquist System | + | ;The Cronquist System |
| − | : Proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1988. | + | : Proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1988. He considered hermaphrodite flowers with multiple perianth, stamens and pistils as the most primitive style. The overall classification is based on the form of stamens. |
| − | ; APG System | + | ;The APG System |
| − | : Proposed by a group of scientists in 1998. | + | : Proposed by a group of scientists in 1998, it is based on the phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial DNA sequences in chloroplasts. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/ APG] is the name of the scientists' group. Many species are still unclassified. |
| | | | ||
植物分類はいずれも進化を反映するように行ないます。大きく以下の3派があります。(その他は[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy ここ]を参照。） | 植物分類はいずれも進化を反映するように行ないます。大きく以下の3派があります。(その他は[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy ここ]を参照。） | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
==Names with + or X== | ==Names with + or X== | ||
{{Twocolumn| | {{Twocolumn| | ||
| + | ; Names with + at the beginning | ||
| + | : They are grafted species between different genera.<br/> | ||
| + | Example. ＋''Laburnocytisus C. K. Schneid.'' → ''Laburnum anagyroides'' is grafted with ''Cytisus purpureus''. | ||
| + | ; Names with X at the beginning | ||
| + | : They are hybrids between different genera.<br/> | ||
| + | Example. x ''Aeridachnis Hort.'' → Hybrids between genera [Aerides x Arachnis 1966] in Orchidaceae。 | ||
| | | | ||
;+が先頭にくる学名 | ;+が先頭にくる学名 | ||
:異なる属の間で接ぎ木してできた種です。<br/> | :異なる属の間で接ぎ木してできた種です。<br/> | ||
| − | 例. ＋''Laburnocytisus C. K. Schneid.'' | + | 例. ＋''Laburnocytisus C. K. Schneid.'' → 台木キングサリ属(''Laburnum anagyroides'')と、接ぎ穂エニシダ属(''Cytisus purpureus'')の接ぎ木雑種 |
| − | ; | + | ;Xが先頭にくる学名 |
:異なる属の間で交雑してできた種です。<br/> | :異なる属の間で交雑してできた種です。<br/> | ||
| − | 例. x ''Aeridachnis Hort.'' | + | 例. x ''Aeridachnis Hort.'' → ラン科エリダクニス属 [Aerides x Arachnis 1966]エリデス属とアラクニス属の交雑種 |
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 11:30, 11 December 2009
ここでは植物の学名情報を扱っています。
Contents |
What is Scientific name?
Scientific name (informally referred to as Latin name) is the formal system for naming species under the guideline by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Each name is written as two Latin words, a genus name and a specific name or epithet, followed by the (for plants, abbreviated) surname of the reporting scientist. For animals, abbreviation is not allowed. This binomial nomenclature was proposed by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778).
Plant Classification (分類体系)
All taxonomy systems try to reflect the trace of evolution. There are 3 major systems. (For others see here.
- The Engler System
- Proposed by a German taxonomist, Adolf Engler (1844-1930). He considered plants evolved from simpler to more complex forms, such as from achlamydeous, monochlamydeous, schizopetalous, then to gamopetalous.
- The Cronquist System
- Proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1988. He considered hermaphrodite flowers with multiple perianth, stamens and pistils as the most primitive style. The overall classification is based on the form of stamens.
- The APG System
- Proposed by a group of scientists in 1998, it is based on the phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial DNA sequences in chloroplasts. APG is the name of the scientists' group. Many species are still unclassified.
Names with + or X
- Names with + at the beginning
- They are grafted species between different genera.
- Names with X at the beginning
- They are hybrids between different genera.
References (参考資料)
Books
Website
- 国立国会図書館 植物学名の調べ方
- まずはここを見て利用可能なリソースをチェックしましょう。
GBIF_IDという独自コードで各生物種の情報を確認できるので便利。
- ZipcodeZoo
- 動植物の分類を系統的に追える。写真・地理分布・原著論文も掲載。重いが、学名については最も情報量が豊富そう。
- 千葉大学・BG Plants 和名−学名インデックス/米倉浩司・梶田忠 (2003-)
- 以前は和名、学名、別名、科名情報（YList）をタブ区切りテキストファイルとしてダウンロードできた。資料を用いた成果発表には、上記サイトの引用が必要。リストの二次配布不可。
- The International Plant Names Index (IPNI)
- 植物個々について科名までを表示
- University of Melbourne > Multiscript Plant Name Database > Sorting Medicinal plants
- 植物種名のマルチリンガル・データベース。日本語・ベンガル語・ヒンディ語・中国語に対応。「Sorting Medicinal plants」のページあり。
- FRLHT's - Encyclopedia of Indian Medicinal Plants
- 学名から、各国語での名称の発音等を検索できる（整備中？）。
