Doc:Scientific name
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=What is Scientific name?= | =What is Scientific name?= | ||
{{Twocolumn| | {{Twocolumn| | ||
| − | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_name Scientific name] (informally referred to as Latin name) is the formal system for naming species under the guideline by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ( | + | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_name Scientific name] (informally referred to as Latin name) is the formal system for naming species under the guideline by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Each name is written as two Latin words, a genus name and a specific name or epithet, followed by the (for plants, abbreviated) surname of the reporting scientist. For animals, abbreviation is not allowed. This binomial nomenclature was proposed by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778). |
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| − | [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D 学名]( | + | [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D 学名](慣用的にラテン名ともいいます)とは国際植物命名規約にしたがってつけられた生物種の名前です。ラテン語2語で「属名(generic name)」、「種小名(specific epithet)」を記し、最後に「命名者」(植物の場合はその省略形)を付記します。動物では省略しません。この二命名法はカール・フォン・リンネ（1707-1778）により発案されました。 |
}} | }} | ||
=Plant Classification (分類体系)= | =Plant Classification (分類体系)= | ||
{{Twocolumn| | {{Twocolumn| | ||
| − | + | All taxonomy systems try to reflect the trace of evolution. There are 3 major systems. (For others see this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy Wikipedia page]. | |
| + | ;The Engler System | ||
| + | : Proposed by a German taxonomist, Adolf Engler (1844-1930). He considered plants evolved from simpler to more complex forms, such as from achlamydeous, monochlamydeous, schizopetalous, then to gamopetalous. | ||
| + | ;The Cronquist System | ||
| + | : Proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1988. He considered hermaphrodite flowers with multiple perianth, stamens and pistils as the most primitive style. The overall classification is based on the form of stamens. | ||
| + | ;The APG System | ||
| + | : Proposed by a group of scientists in 1998, it is based on the phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial DNA sequences in chloroplasts. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/ APG] is the name of the scientists' group. Many species are still unclassified. | ||
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| − | + | 植物分類はいずれも進化を反映するように行ないます。大きく以下の3派があります。(その他は[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy ウィキペディアのページ]を参照。） | |
;新エングラー | ;新エングラー | ||
| − | : | + | : ドイツの植物分類学者エングラー(1844-1930)が提案。植物が単純な構造から複雑なものへ進化したと考える。無花被、単花被、離弁花、合弁花の順に分類。 |
;クロンキスト | ;クロンキスト | ||
| − | : 1988年にアーサー クロンキスト(Arthur Cronquist) | + | : 1988年にアーサー クロンキスト(Arthur Cronquist)が提案。花被、雄しべ、雌しべが多数軸の周りに配列した両性花をもっとも原始的とみなし、特に雌しべの形質を重要視(亜綱に対応)。 |
;APG (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) | ;APG (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) | ||
| − | : 1998年に提案された、葉緑体のミトコンドリアDNA配列の進化系統樹に基づく分類。[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/ APG] | + | : 1998年に提案された、葉緑体のミトコンドリアDNA配列の進化系統樹に基づく分類。[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/ APG]とは、この分類をおこなう植物学者の団体名。まだ分類未確定の部分もある。 |
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Names with + or X== | ||
| + | {{Twocolumn| | ||
| + | ; Names with + at the beginning | ||
| + | : They are grafted species between different genera.<br/> | ||
| + | Example. ＋''Laburnocytisus C. K. Schneid.'' → ''Laburnum anagyroides'' is grafted with ''Cytisus purpureus''. | ||
| + | ; Names with X at the beginning | ||
| + | : They are hybrids between different genera.<br/> | ||
| + | Example. x ''Aeridachnis Hort.'' → Hybrids between genera [Aerides x Arachnis 1966] in Orchidaceae. | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | ;+が先頭にくる学名 | ||
| + | :異なる属の間で接ぎ木してできた種です。<br/> | ||
| + | 例. ＋''Laburnocytisus C. K. Schneid.'' → 台木キングサリ属(''Laburnum anagyroides'')と、接ぎ穂エニシダ属(''Cytisus purpureus'')の接ぎ木雑種 | ||
| + | ;Xが先頭にくる学名 | ||
| + | :異なる属の間で交雑してできた種です。<br/> | ||
| + | 例. x ''Aeridachnis Hort.'' → ラン科エリダクニス属 [Aerides x Arachnis 1966]エリデス属とアラクニス属の交雑種 | ||
}} | }} | ||
=References (参考資料)= | =References (参考資料)= | ||
==Books== | ==Books== | ||
| − | + | ; [http://www.springer.com/series/1306 The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants] (Series Ed. Kubitzki, Klaus) Springer Verlag | |
| + | : Expensive 9 volume set, but it is a remarkably reliable encyclopedia following the APG-II system. A must-buy set for plant taxonomists. | ||
| + | ; [http://www.crcpress.com/us/product.asp?sku=2635&dept_id=1 The Cross Name Index to Medicinal Plants] (by Anthony R. Torkelson) CRC Press (Boca Raton New York) | ||
| + | : Also expensive 4 volume set. It covers common names (volume 1 and 2), scientific names (volume 3) and indian plants (volume 4). It is bound in overly expensive covers and uses large fonts. The same information could have been organized in much less pages. The most disadvantage is that the most up-to-date scientific names are unknown. It just lists many alternative names. | ||
==Website== | ==Website== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
;[http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey (GBIF)] | ;[http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey (GBIF)] | ||
| − | : | + | :The site uses an original [http://data.gbif.org/species/GBIF_ID GBIF_ID] to check species. |
| − | [http://data.gbif.org/species/GBIF_ID | + | |
;[http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/ ZipcodeZoo] | ;[http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/ ZipcodeZoo] | ||
| − | : | + | : Very slow site but you can track taxonomies of plants and animals altogether with photos, geographic information and references. One of the most informative sites. |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
;[http://www.ipni.org/ The International Plant Names Index (IPNI)] | ;[http://www.ipni.org/ The International Plant Names Index (IPNI)] | ||
| − | : | + | : The official site for plant names. |
;[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?language=en Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)] | ;[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?language=en Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)] | ||
| − | : | + | : |
;[http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/ UniProtKB taxonomy data] | ;[http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/ UniProtKB taxonomy data] | ||
| − | : | + | : Plant taxonomy by UniProt (genome-based taxonomy). |
| + | |||
| + | ;[http://www.plantsystematics.org/ PlantSystemetics.org] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ;[http://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/data/theme/theme_honbun_400160.html 国立国会図書館 植物学名の調べ方] | ||
| + | : まずはここを見て利用可能なリソースをチェックしましょう。 | ||
| + | |||
| + | ;[http://bean.bio.chiba-u.jp/bgplants/ 千葉大学・BG Plants 和名−学名インデックス/米倉浩司・梶田忠 (2003-)] | ||
| + | : 以前は和名、学名、別名、科名情報（YList）をタブ区切りテキストファイルとしてダウンロードできた。資料を用いた成果発表には、上記サイトの引用が必要。リストの二次配布不可。 | ||
| + | |||
;[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html University of Melbourne > Multiscript Plant Name Database > Sorting Medicinal plants] | ;[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html University of Melbourne > Multiscript Plant Name Database > Sorting Medicinal plants] | ||
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;[http://www.hana300.com/aagaku-1.html 「学名」一覧] | ;[http://www.hana300.com/aagaku-1.html 「学名」一覧] | ||
| − | + | ||
;[http://e-wood.info/menu1-nof.htm 世界の木材905種] | ;[http://e-wood.info/menu1-nof.htm 世界の木材905種] | ||
;[http://www.organicmatters.com.au/plantdata.htm Organic Matters] | ;[http://www.organicmatters.com.au/plantdata.htm Organic Matters] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:10, 27 September 2010
ここでは植物の学名情報を扱っています。
Contents |
[edit] What is Scientific name?
Scientific name (informally referred to as Latin name) is the formal system for naming species under the guideline by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Each name is written as two Latin words, a genus name and a specific name or epithet, followed by the (for plants, abbreviated) surname of the reporting scientist. For animals, abbreviation is not allowed. This binomial nomenclature was proposed by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778).
[edit] Plant Classification (分類体系)
All taxonomy systems try to reflect the trace of evolution. There are 3 major systems. (For others see this Wikipedia page.
- The Engler System
- Proposed by a German taxonomist, Adolf Engler (1844-1930). He considered plants evolved from simpler to more complex forms, such as from achlamydeous, monochlamydeous, schizopetalous, then to gamopetalous.
- The Cronquist System
- Proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1988. He considered hermaphrodite flowers with multiple perianth, stamens and pistils as the most primitive style. The overall classification is based on the form of stamens.
- The APG System
- Proposed by a group of scientists in 1998, it is based on the phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial DNA sequences in chloroplasts. APG is the name of the scientists' group. Many species are still unclassified.
[edit] Names with + or X
- Names with + at the beginning
- They are grafted species between different genera.
- Names with X at the beginning
- They are hybrids between different genera.
[edit] References (参考資料)
[edit] Books
- The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (Series Ed. Kubitzki, Klaus) Springer Verlag
- Expensive 9 volume set, but it is a remarkably reliable encyclopedia following the APG-II system. A must-buy set for plant taxonomists.
- The Cross Name Index to Medicinal Plants (by Anthony R. Torkelson) CRC Press (Boca Raton New York)
- Also expensive 4 volume set. It covers common names (volume 1 and 2), scientific names (volume 3) and indian plants (volume 4). It is bound in overly expensive covers and uses large fonts. The same information could have been organized in much less pages. The most disadvantage is that the most up-to-date scientific names are unknown. It just lists many alternative names.
[edit] Website
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey (GBIF)
- The site uses an original GBIF_ID to check species.
- ZipcodeZoo
- Very slow site but you can track taxonomies of plants and animals altogether with photos, geographic information and references. One of the most informative sites.
- The International Plant Names Index (IPNI)
- The official site for plant names.
- UniProtKB taxonomy data
- Plant taxonomy by UniProt (genome-based taxonomy).
- 国立国会図書館 植物学名の調べ方
- まずはここを見て利用可能なリソースをチェックしましょう。
- 千葉大学・BG Plants 和名−学名インデックス/米倉浩司・梶田忠 (2003-)
- 以前は和名、学名、別名、科名情報（YList）をタブ区切りテキストファイルとしてダウンロードできた。資料を用いた成果発表には、上記サイトの引用が必要。リストの二次配布不可。
- University of Melbourne > Multiscript Plant Name Database > Sorting Medicinal plants
- 植物種名のマルチリンガル・データベース。日本語・ベンガル語・ヒンディ語・中国語に対応。「Sorting Medicinal plants」のページあり。
- FRLHT's - Encyclopedia of Indian Medicinal Plants
- 学名から、各国語での名称の発音等を検索できる（整備中？）。
