Doc:Dye
From Metabolomics.JP
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(Created page with "==Anthraquinone== For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant. {| ! Name ! CAS ! Color ! Source |- | Alizarin || [72-48-0] || red | Madder plant...") |
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For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant. | For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant. | ||
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! Name | ! Name | ||
! CAS | ! CAS | ||
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| Kermisic acid || [476-35-7] || red | | Kermisic acid || [476-35-7] || red | ||
| − | | ''[[Species:Kermes|Kermes]] ilicis'' (oriental shield louse), which infest the holm oak [[Species:Quercus|Quercus]] ilex | + | | ''[[Species:Kermes|Kermes]] ilicis'' (oriental shield louse), which infest the holm oak [[Species:Quercus|Quercus]] ilex and the shurub oak Q. coccifera. |
|- | |- | ||
| Carminic acid || [1260-17-9] || red | | Carminic acid || [1260-17-9] || red | ||
Latest revision as of 16:51, 16 July 2011
Contents |
[edit] Anthraquinone
For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant.
| Name | CAS | Color | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alizarin | [72-48-0] | red | Madder plants in Rubiaceae, especially Rubia tinctorum, and R. peregrina produce a glycoside (ruberythric acid [152-84-1]) in roots (1-2 %). |
| Kermisic acid | [476-35-7] | red | Kermes ilicis (oriental shield louse), which infest the holm oak Quercus ilex and the shurub oak Q. coccifera. |
| Carminic acid | [1260-17-9] | red | Daetylopius coccus (cochineal insect) in family Coccidae, order Homoptera. Carmine [1390-65-4], the only animal-derived food dye, is its aluminum lake. Aztecs red. Nowadays Peru and the Canary islands are the main source. |
| Laccaic acid | [6219-66-5] | red | Coccus laccae (small insect in India and SE Asia) |
[edit] Naphtoquinone
| Name | CAS | Color | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lawsone | [83-72-7] | yellow | Lawsone alba (henna or Egyptian privet). Mohammed dyed his beard with henna. |
| Lapacol | [84-79-7] | yellow | Tecoma species (tree in West Indies and South America) |
| Juglone | [481-39-0] | brown | Juglans cinerea (butternuts), J. regia (Persian salnuts), J. nigra (black walnuts) in Juglandaceae |
| Alkannin | [577-88-4] | red | Anchusa tinctoria, Alkanna tinctoria in Boraginaceae |
| Shikonin | [517-89-5] | red | Lithospermum erythrorhizon in Boraginaceae. The color of Tokyo violet. Its racemate is Shikalkin [54952-43-1]. |
[edit] Benzopyrone
[edit] Flavone
Flavone dyes require a mordant that chelate positions
| Name | CAS | Color | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| quercetin | [117-39-5] | yellow | |
| kaempferol | [520-18-3] | yellow | |
| chrysin | [480-40-0] | yellow | |
| luteolin | [491-70-3] | yellow | Oldest known European dye, originally from Reseda luteola. The yellow color of Vestal Virgins in ancient Romans, and green colors (with indigotin) named as Lincoln green and Saxon green. |
[edit] Anthocyanin
Anthocyanins are not used as industrial dyes because of its pH sensitivity. Only two deoxyanthocyanidins were formerly used as dyes.
| Name | CAS | Color | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| carajurin | [491-93-0] | ? | |
| dracorhodin | [643-56-1] | ? |
[edit] Others
| Name | CAS | Color | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Logwood | [8005-32-2] | black | Haematoxylon species. Oxidized form is haematein [475-25-2], whose leuco form is haematoxylin [517-28-2]. |
| Brazilwood | [8005-32-1] | red | Caesalpina species. Oxidized form is brazilein [600-76-0], whose leuco form is brazilin [474-07-7]. |
[edit] Indigoid
| Name | CAS | Color | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| indigotin | [482-89-3] | blue | Indigo tinctoria and I. suffruticosa (2-4%). Its precursor is indican [487-60-5], dextrose derivative of indoxyl [480-93-3]. Indigo came to Europe only after 12th century, where Isatis tinctoris (woad) had been used, and became widespread as late as in 17th century. |
| 6,6'-bromoindigotin or Tyrian purple |
[19201-53-7] ? [19201-58-7] | purple | Mulex species (e.g. M. brandaris, M. trunculus) and Purpura species (mollusk) Each mollusk produces only 0.12 mg. Its precursor is tyriverdin and tyrindoxyl sulfate [74626-31-6]. |
[edit] Carotenoid
[edit] Betalaine
Betalaines contain two groups of pigments: the red betacyanins and the yellow betaxanthins. Both are found in beets (Beta vulgaris). Although unaffected by pH, they are heat sensitive.
| Name | CAS | Color | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| betanin | [7659-95-2] | yellow | Its aglycon is batanidin [32729-84-8]. |
[edit] Others
| Name | CAS | Color | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| curcumin or turmeric |
[458-37-7] | yellow | Curcuma tinctoria. The dye is oil-soluble and requires no mordant. |
| chlorophyll | [8049-84-1] | green | Water-insoluble. By hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide, chlorophyllin, phytol and methanol result. Chlorophyllin salt is heat stable. |
