Category:TP4

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m (Replaced content with "==Diterpene (C20) == * Acyclic * Bicyclic ** Labdane ** Clerodane * Tricyclic ** Abietane ** Pimarane ** Others * Tetracyclic ** Kaurane ** Gibberellin ** Others * Macrocycl...")
 
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==Carotenoid (C40) ==
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==Diterpene (C20) ==
  
{{Twocolumn|
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* Acyclic
Carotenoids are widely observed natural pigments.
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* Bicyclic
It is classified into β-carotenes and lycopenes which do not contain oxygen atoms, and xanthophylls which contain oxygen atoms.
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** Labdane
Carotine (for carotene) and Lycopin (for lycopene) are German spellings.
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** Clerodane
|
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* Tricyclic
カロテノイドは自然界に広く見られる天然の色素。
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** Abietane
大きく分けてβ-カロテンやリコペンなどのカロテン類(酸素を含まない)と、ルテイン、カプサンチン等のキサントフィル類(酸素を含む)に分けられる。
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** Pimarane
代表的なものは、α-カロテン, β-カロテン, β-クリプトキサンチン, ルテイン, ゼアキサンチン, リコペンである。
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** Others
日本語で、カロテン (carotene) をカロチン (Carotine)、リコペン (lycopene) をリコピン (Lycopin) と呼ぶ場合があるが、これらは各分子のドイツ語名。
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* Tetracyclic
}}
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** Kaurane
 
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** Gibberellin
<center>
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** Others
{| class="wikitable"
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* Macrocyclic
! colspan="3" | {{Bilingual|最も代表的なカロテノイド|Most common carotenoids}}
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** Cembrane
|-
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** Verticillane, Taxane
| colspan="3" | Provitamin A (precursor of vitamin A or retinol)
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** Lathyrane, Jatrophane
|-
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** Others
| &alpha;-carotene || &beta;-carotene ||&beta;-cryptoxanthin
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|-
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| colspan="2" | Eye related (found in retina and lens)
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|
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|-
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| lutein || zeaxanthin || lycopene
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|}
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</center>
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=={{Bilingual|生合成|Biosynthesis}}==
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{|
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|-
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| 2 GGPP (tail to tail)
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|-
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| &darr; phytoene synthase (Psy)
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|-
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| Phytoene
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|-
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| &darr; phytoene desaturase (Pds)
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|-
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| zeta-Carotene
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|-
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| &darr; zeta-carotene desaturase (Zds) &<br/>carotenoid isomerase (Crtiso)
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|-
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| Lycopene
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|-
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| &darr; lycopene beta-cyclase (Lcy-B)
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|-
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| Beta-carotene
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|-
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| &darr; beta-carotene hydroxylase (betaOH)
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|-
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| Zeaxanthin
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|-
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| &darr; zeaxanthin epoxidase (Zep)
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|-
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| Violaxanthin
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|-
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| &darr; neoxanthin synthase (Nxs)
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|-
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| Neoxanthin
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|}
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=={{Bilingual|食品添加物としてのカロテノイド|Carotenoid as Food Additives}}==
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{{Doc:Carotenoid}}
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=={{Bilingual|野菜・果物中のカロテノイド|Carotenoid in Vegetables and Fruits}}==
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{{Doc:Food/Carotenoid/Summary}}
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==Carotenoid in our Body==
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血中の主要カロテノイドはリコペン、&alpha;, &beta;-カロテン、ルテイン、ゼアキサンチン、&beta;-クリプトキサンチンの6種です。
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ヒト赤血球にはルテインが特に多く分布し、リン脂質の酸化を防いでいます<ref>Nakagawa K, Kiko T, Hatade K, Asai A, Kimura F, Sookwong P, Tsuduki T, Arai H, Miyazawa T (2008) "Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography-based assay for carotenoids in human red blood cells: application to clinical studies" Anal Biochem 381(1):129-34 PMID 18638443</ref>。血漿では逆に、非極性カロテノイド(リコペン、&beta;-カロテン) の割合が多くなります。
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{| class="wikitable"
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|+
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| Major Carotenoids in Human Blood <ref>foo</ref>
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|-
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!
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!colspan="2"| 赤血球 (pmol/g ヘモグロビン)
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!colspan="2"| 血漿 (pmol/ml)
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|-
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| || Average || SD || Average || SD
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|-
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| Carotenoids || 318 || 57 || 1829 || 452
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|-
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| キサントフィル<br/>(=lutein+x+&beta;-クリプトキサンチン) || 278 || 47 || 868 || 151
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|-
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| ルテイン || 160 || 42 || 341 || 119
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|-
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| &beta;-クリプトキサンチン || 66 || 19 || 411 || 111
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|-
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| Non-polar carotenoids<br/>(=&alpha;,&beta;-カロテン+リコペン) || 40 || 18 || 961 || 377
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|-
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| &beta;-カロテン || 20 || 9 || 475 || 189
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|-
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| リコペン || 12 || 6 || 303 || 140
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|}
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Latest revision as of 17:45, 10 December 2011

[edit] Diterpene (C20)

  • Acyclic
  • Bicyclic
    • Labdane
    • Clerodane
  • Tricyclic
    • Abietane
    • Pimarane
    • Others
  • Tetracyclic
    • Kaurane
    • Gibberellin
    • Others
  • Macrocyclic
    • Cembrane
    • Verticillane, Taxane
    • Lathyrane, Jatrophane
    • Others

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