Category:PK
Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
Curacin A (Lyngbya), Shiphonazole (Herpetosiphon), Jamaicamide A (Lyngbya), Cylindrospermopsin (Cylindrospermopsis) | Curacin A (Lyngbya), Shiphonazole (Herpetosiphon), Jamaicamide A (Lyngbya), Cylindrospermopsin (Cylindrospermopsis) | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:5-Methylorsellinic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:6-Deoxy-Erythronolide_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:6-Methoxymellein.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:6-Methyl_Salicylic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Actinorhodin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Adhyperforin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aflatoxin_B1.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aflatoxin_B2.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aflatoxin_G1.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aflatoxin_G2.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aflatoxin_M1.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aloe-Emodin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aloesaponarin_II.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Alternapyrone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Alternaric_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Alternariol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Amphotericin_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Andrimid_.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Ascomycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aslaniol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aslanipyrone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Asperlactone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Asperlin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aspyridone_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aspyridone_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aspyrone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Asteltoxin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Astepyrone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Atrochrysone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Atrochrysone_Carboxylic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Aureothin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Austdiol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Avenaciolide.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Averantin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Avermectin_B1A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Avermectin_B2A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Averufin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Avilamycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Barnol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Benzophenone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Bikaverin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Botryodiplodin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Brefeldin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Brevetoxin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Brevetoxin_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:C-1027.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Calichemicin_Gamma1.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Cannabidiol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Cannabigerolic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Cannabinol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Cercosporin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Chlortetracycline.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Chrysomycin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Chrysomycin_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Chrysophanol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Chrysophanol_Anthrone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Ciguatoxin_I.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Citreomontanin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Citreoviridin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Citrinin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Clavatol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Coarctatin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Colletodiol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Compactin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Curvularin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Deoxyherquienone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Deoxyradicin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Dihydroisocoumarin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Diplosporin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Discodermolide.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Doramectin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Dothistromin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Doxorubicin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Emodin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Emodin_Anthrone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Emodin_Dianthrone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Endocrocin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Endocrocin_Anthrone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Enniatin_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Enterocin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Epothilone_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Epothilone_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Epothilone_C.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Epothilone_D.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Epoxydon.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Epsilon-Pyrromycinone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Erythromycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Flavipin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Fumigatin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Fumonisin_B1.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Furanomycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Geldanamycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Griseofulvin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Griseophenone_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Griseophenone_C.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Humulone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Hyperforin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Hypericin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Islandicin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Isoepoxydon.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Isousnic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Ivermectin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Khellin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Lasalocid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Lecanoric_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Leucomycin_A1.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Ll-D253Alpha.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Lovastatin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:M-Cresol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Melanin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Mellein.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Methylphloracetophenone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Mollisin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Monensin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Multicolic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Mycolactone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Mycophenolic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Myxalamide.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Myxothiazol_Z.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Niddamycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Norsolorinic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Nystatin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Ochratoxin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Ochrephilone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Okadaic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Oleandomycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Olivetolic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:O-Methylasparvenone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Orcinol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Orsellinic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Oxytetracycline.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Palitantin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Patulin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Penicillic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Phloracetophenone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Phlorisobutyrophenone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Phlorisovalerophenone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Physcion.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Picromycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Pimaricin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Pretetramide.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Protohypericin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Pyochelin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Pyoluteorin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Radicin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Rapamycin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Ravenilin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Rhein.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Rifabutin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Rifamycin_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Rifapentine.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Rosellisin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Rubrofusarin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Rubropunctatin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sclerin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sclerotinin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sek4.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sek4B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Selamectin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sennidin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sennidin_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sennidin_C.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sennidin_D.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sennosides_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sennosides_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sennosides_C.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sennosides_D.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sepedonin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Siccanin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Silvaticamide.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sma76A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sma76B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sma76C.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Soraphen_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Spinulosin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Spiramycin_I.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sterigmatocystin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Stigmatellin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Stipitatonic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Sulochrin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tacrolimus.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tajixanthone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tennellin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Terrein.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Terrequinone_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tetracenomycin_F2.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tetracycline.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tetrahydro_Cannabinol.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Triacetic_Acid_Lactone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:T-Toxin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tylactone.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Tylosin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Urushiol_III.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Usnic_Acid.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Variotin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Versicolorin_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Versicolorin_B.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Versiconal.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Versiconal_Acetate.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Visnagin.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Wa-Naphthopyron.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Zaragozic_Acids_A.Mol]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[Image:Zearalenone.Mol]] | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 12:30, 6 March 2010
Polyketide (ポリケチド)
Contents |
Class Overview
Polyketides are synthesized through the polymerization of acetyl units (β-ketomethylene chain).
1st Class | ||
---|---|---|
PK4: Four C2 Units orsellinic acid, 6-methylsalicylic acid, triacetic acid lactone, asperlin, usnic acid, methylphloracetophenone, penicillic acid, patulin |
PK5: Five C2 Units citrinin, aflatoxin, augenone, sepedonin, stipitatonic acid |
PK6: Six C2 Units plumbagin, 7-methyljuglone, juglone, variotin |
PK7: Seven and eight C2 Units Anthraquinone rings |
PK9: Nine C2 Units Tetracyclines | |
Polyketide Synthase (PKS)
species | Actinomycetes | Cyanobacteria | γ-Proteobacteria | Fungi | Dinoflagellates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type-I PKS | Ο | Ο | Ο | Χ | Ο |
Type-II PKS | Ο | Χ | Χ | Ο | Χ |
NRPS | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Χ |
deoxysugar | Ο | Χ | Χ | Χ | Χ |
Terpene | Δ | Χ | Χ | Ο | Χ |
Type I PKS (non-iterative)
- Multi catalytic domains exist in a single protein
- Chain length is determined by the number of catalytic domains.
- Products are non-aromatic and have larger masses.
Ref. Erythromycin biosynthesis in Nat Prod Rep 18, 380 (2001)
Type II PKS (iterative)
- Three proteins (KSα, KSβ, ACP) are repeatedly used for carbon chain elongation.
- Chain length is determined by another protein, CLF.
- In bacteria, products are aromatic (e.g. chiorotetracycline, pradimicin).
- In fungi, products are both non-aromatic and aromatic.
Non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS)
Coupling with PKS and NRPS
- vancomycin ()
- leinamycin (Curr opin chem biol 7:285, 2003)
- pseurotin (chem bio chem 8:1736-1743, 2007)
- curacin (curr opin chem biol 13:216, 2009)
- epothilone
- rapamycin
PKS in Fungi
- both aromatic and non-aromatic compounds are generated by iterative PKS
- methyl branch is transferred from methionine, not methylmalonyl CoA
Ref. Dewick, PM Medicinal Natural Products (2009)
Decoration
deoxysugars
deoxygenation, c-methylation, amination, n-methylation, ketosugar,
Unusual structures
Phoma | zaragozic acid, phomoidoride | Streptomyces | yatakemycin, leinamycin, saframycin, neocarzinostatin, staurosporin, FR182877 | Other bacteria | PKS-NRPS hybrid type
Curacin A (Lyngbya), Shiphonazole (Herpetosiphon), Jamaicamide A (Lyngbya), Cylindrospermopsin (Cylindrospermopsis) |
---|