Steinmetz:Citrus

Citrus aurantium var. amara

Also known as (or relevant to) Citrus aurantium var. amara Citrus vulgaris Citrus bigaradia Family Rutaceae English Names Bitter Orange tree Curacao Orange Seville Orange Bigarade Orange (Orange peas are the unripe fruits fallen from the trees) Natural Habitat West Indies. Haiti Florida subtropical countries Eastern Asia; cultivated in Mediterranean countries Part(s) Used Folia Aurantii Flores Aurantii = Flores Naphae Oleum flores Aurantii = Oleum Neroli = Oleum Napnae (obtained from the leaves) Oleum pericarpii Aurantii (obtained from the peel) Cortex fructus Aurantii amarae Fructus Aurantii immaturi Oleum Petitgrain (distilled from the leaves, twigs and unripe fruits)

Constituent(s) leaf: essential oil hesperidin bitter principle; unripe fruits: essential oil hesperidin acids aurantiamarin tannin; peel: essential oil hesperidin pectin aurantiamarin acids tannin; flower: essential oil hesperidin bitter principle Action flower: sedative nervine narcotic: fruitpeel: aromatic tonic stomachic. flavouring agent; unripe fruit: stomachic aromatic appetising; leaf: tonic nervine bitter stomachic aromatic; ripe fruit: largely used for making the bitter marmalade

Citrus aurantium var. bergamia

Also known as (or relevant to) Citrus aurantium var. bergamia Citrus bergamia var. vulgaris Family Rutaceae English Names Bergamot True Sweet Lime Natural Habitat Mediterranean countries (especially Southern Italy) tropical and subtropical countries Part(s) Used Cortex Bergamottae Oleum Bergamottae = Oleum Bergamii (obtained from the fruit)

Constituent(s) volatile oil hesperidin vitamin C free citric acid Action aromatic antiseptic antiscorbutic

Citrus limonum

Also known as (or relevant to) Citrus limonum Citrus medica var. limonum Family Rutaceae English Names Lemon tree Citron tree Natural Habitat Mediterranean countries subtropical countries Persia Northern India tropical Asia California Florida Part(s) Used Cortex fructus Citri = Cortex Limonis = Pericarpium Citri Fructus Citri = Fructus Limonis Oleum Citri = Oleum Limonis (obtained from the peel) Succus Citri = Succus Limonis (obtained from the fresh fruit)

Constituent(s) fruitpeel: essential oil hesperidin bitter matter pectin muculage tannin; fruit; acids salts essential oil bitter principle sugar Action fruitpeel: flavouring ingredient appetising digestive tonic; candied fruitpeel (Conditum Citri) is used in cakes etc.; fruit: cooling stomachic antiscorbutic diuretic tonic febrifuge; oil: flavouring ingredient: juice: antiseptic antiscorbutic sedative for the nerves of the heart It softens arteries that are become to harden

Citrus maxima

Also known as (or relevant to) Citrus maxima Citrus grandis Citrus decumana Family Rutaceae English Names Shaddock Pompeimoose Pummelo Natural Habitat West-Indies India Extreme Orient (China Cochin China) Part(s) Used Fructus

Constituent(s) hesperidin (extracted from the flowers); fruit: sugar citric acid Action refrigerant nutritive alterative antiscorbutic corrective digestive febrifuge

Citrus medica var. acida

Also known as (or relevant to) Citrus medica var. acida Citrus limetta Citrus acida Family Rutaceae English Names Limette Adam's apple Sweet Lime Natural Habitat Jamaica Trinidad Southern Europe (especially Italy) Part(s) Used Oleum Limettae

Constituent(s) essential oil Action refrigerant antiscorbutic

Citrus nobilis var. deliciosa

Also known as (or relevant to) Citrus nobilis var. deliciosa Family Rutaceae English Names Mandarin Orange Tangarine tree Natural Habitat China Cochin- China Part(s) Used Fructus Oleum (obtained from the fruit)

Action diuretic corrective stimulant to digestion nutritive

Citrus sinensis

Also known as (or relevant to) Citrus sinensis Citrus aurantium var. dulcis Family Rutaceae English Names Sweet Orange Portugal Orange Seville Orange China Orange Natural Habitat Mediterranean countries West Indies North Africa Florida subtropical countries China Cochin China Part(s) Used Cortex fructus Aurentii duicis Folia Aurantii dulcis Flores Aurantii dulcis, Oleum Aurantii. dulcis = Oleum Rartugallo

Constituent(s) fruit: malic acid citric acid hesperidin aurantine (bitter principle) vitamins B and C; fruitpeel: essential oil acids bitter resin; flower: essential oil pectin resins; leaf: essential oil Action fruitpeel: tonic flavouring agent carminative stimulant; fruit: nutritive antiseptic anti-bilious; leaf: antispasmodic slightly sedative; flower: antispasmodic sedative; oil: used in perfumery and in the liqueur industry