Index:PK

name	PKS	gene	organism	Ref	Note	Size	C2
1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene			Aspergillus parvulus	Herbert1989	Compound name have not been confirmed. Naphthalene is the base structure of statins.		12	6
1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone	Acridone synthase			Dewick2009	acridine alkaloid, starter is Anthranilic acid			3
3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid				Staunton&Weissman2001
4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone				Dewick2009	quinoline alkaloid, starter is Anthranilic acid			1
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone	Pentaketide chromone synthase		Ammi visnaga	Dewick2009	furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.precursor of the well known antiasthmatic furochromones, kehellin and visnagin.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase ,plant-speci?c type III PKS	Escherichia coli	10	5
5-Methylorsellinic Acid			Aspergillus flaviceps	Dewick2009	C-methylated analogue of orsellinic acid,the extra methyl is derived from SAM.		8	4
6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B	DEBS			Dewick2009
6-Methoxymellein				Dewick2009				5
6-Methyl Salicylic Acid	6-MSAS/P. patulum(ATX/Aspergillus terreus)	atX	Penicillium patulum, Aspergillus terreus	S. Gaisser, A. Trefzer, S. Stckert, A. Kirshning and A. Bechthold, J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 6271?6278.;Staunton&Weissman2001	lack 2 OH group	Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli	8	4
Actinorhodin		act	Streptomyces coelicolor	Herbert1989		Streptomyces parvulus	16	8
Adhyperforin			Hypericum perforatum	Dewick2009
Aflatoxin B1	PKSL1/Aspergillus parasiticus=PKSA	pksL1/Aspergillus parasiticus (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA)	Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus	Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009	Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.The Aspergillus parasiticus polyketide synthase genepksA, a homolog of Aspergillus nidulans wA, is required for aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis		14	10
Aflatoxin B2			Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus	Dewick2009	Hexanoate is the starter unit
Aflatoxin G1		(Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA)	Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus	Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009	Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		11	10
Aflatoxin G2			Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus	Dewick2009	Hexanoate is the starter unit
Aflatoxin M1			Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus	Dewick2009	Hexanoate is the starter unit
Aloe-Emodin			Aloe ferox	Dewick2009;			15	8
Aloesaponarin II				Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
Alternapyrone	PKSN	alt5 from Alternaria solani		2005,Fujii et al.An iterative type I polyketide synthase PKSN catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation.Chem Biol.	decaketide-derived a-pyrone with eight methyl branches	a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae	20	10
Alternaric Acid			Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata (formerly known as A. kikuchiana)	Herbert1989	biosynthesized from two polyketide chains. Contribute to disease development in the plant host by the fungus. Condensation if a hexaketide-derived acyl derivative with dihyfrotriacetic acid lactone.		17	6
Alternariol			Alternaria tenuis	Herbert1989			14	7
Amphotericin B				Dewick2009
Andrimid
Aschochitin				Herbert1989	structurally related to citrinin and and its biosynthesis similar.				File:Aschochitin.Mol.png
Ascomycin				Dewick2009	FK520
Aslaniol		PKSF from A. solani		2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.	dodecaketide	a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
Aslanipyrone		PKSF from A. solani		2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.	undecaketide	a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
Asperlactone			Aspergillus melleus	Herbert1989			8	5
Asperlin			Aspergillus nidulans	Herbert1989			8	5
Aspyridone A			Aspergillus nidulans	2007,Bergmann et al.Genomics-driven discovery of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans.Nat Chem Biol.;Challis2008	PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites
Aspyridone B				Challis2008
Aspyrone			Aspergillus melleus	Herbert1989			7	5
Asteltoxin			Aspergillus stellatus	Herbert1989 ;Kruger,G.J.,Steyn,P.S.,Vleggaar,R.,andRabie,C.J.(1979).X-raycrystalstructureofasteltoxin,anovelmycotoxinfrom Aspergillusstellatus Curzi.J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun. 441?442.	linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide. starter propionate and eight malonate; Or from acetate and methionine instead of propionate. Structurally related to citreoviridin and aurovertin			9
Astepyrone			Aspergillus terreus	Herbert1989				4
Atrochrysone			Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp	Dewick2009;			15	8
Atrochrysone Aarboxylic Acid			Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp	Dewick2009;			16	8	File:Atrochrysone Aarboxylic Acid.Mol.png
Aureothin			Streptomyces thioluteus	Herbert1989	mixed origins, from propionate and single acetate plus p-nitrobenzoic acid
Aurovertin			Streptomyces thioluteus						File:Aurovertin.Mol.png
Austdiol				Herbert1989 ;1983J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun_Evidence for a mono-oxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of austdiol	Austdiol has a structure similar to citrinin and its biosynthesis appears to be similar.			5
Avenaciolide				Herbert1989	from acetate/malonate plus succinyl CoA
Averantin		Nor-1;StcE	Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus	SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009	Anthraquinone. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		20	10
Avermectin B1a				Dewick2009	macrolides
Avermectin B2a				Dewick2009	macrolides
Averufin		Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA	Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus	SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009	Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		20	10
Avilamycin				Dewick2009
Barnol			Penicillium baarnense	Herbert1989	one methyl group derives from methionine and the other by reduction of a carboxy-group. The ethyl group derives form C-2 of acetate and methionine.		9	4
Benzophenone			Penicillium griseofulvin	Dewick2009;Herbert1989	probable intermediate of griseofulvin		14	7
Bikaverin	Bikaverin nonaketide synthase	PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi	Gibberella fujikuroi	Herbert1989	nonaketide, from singal chain	E.coli.	18	9
Botryodiplodin				Herbert1989	like penicillic acid ,via orsellinic acid but cleavage occurs between C-3 and C-4 instead of C-4 and C-5, C-4 is lost at some stage			4
Brefeldin A			Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium brefeldianum, Penicillium cyaneum, Aspergillus clavatus,Eupenicillium brefeldianum,	Herbert1989	a macrolide, different molecules of oxygen precludes a biosynthetic mechanism similar to prostaglandins.		16	8
Brevetoxin A			Karenia brevis	Dewick2009	polyether
Brevetoxin B			Karenia brevis	Dewick2009	polyether
C-1027
Calichemicin Gamma1			Micromonospora echinospora	2009,Belecki et al.Production of octaketide polyenes by the calicheamicin polyketide synthase CalE8: implications for the biosynthesis of enediyne core structures.J Am Chem Soc
Cannabidiol			Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)	Dewick2009	cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
Cannabigerolic Acid			Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)	Dewick2009	cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
Cannabinol			Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)	Dewick2009	cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
Cercosporin			Cercospora sp, Cercospora kikuchii	Herbert1989				7
Chlortetracycline	oxy PKS (otc)	OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA	Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens	Dewick2009	starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone		19	8
Chrysomycin A			Streptomyces sp	Herbert1989			17	9
Chrysomycin B			Streptomyces sp	Herbert1989			17	9
Chrysophanol			Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia	Dewick2009;			15	8
Chrysophanol Anthrone			Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia	Dewick2009;			15	8
Ciguatoxin I			Gymnothorax javanicus, Lutjanus bohar	Dewick2009	polyether
Citreomontanin			Penicillium pedemontanum	1981,Sylvie Rebuffat, Daniel Davoust and Darius Molho, Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis of citreomontanin in Penicillium pedemontanum	linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide
Citreoviridin				Sakabe,N.,Goto,T.,andHirata,Y.(1977).Structureofcitreoviridin,amycotoxinproducedby Penicilliumcitreo-viride molded onrice.Tetrahedron 33,3077?3081.;Niwa,M.,Endo,T.,Ogiso,S.,Furukawa,H.,andYamamura,S. (1981).Twonewpyrones,metabolitesof Penicilliumcitreo-viride Biouge.Chem.Lett.(Jpn)1285?1288	linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide
Citrinin			Penicillium citrinum	Herbert1989	via a dihydro-isocoumarins		10	5
Clavatol			Aspergillus clavatus	Herbert1989			8	4
Coarctatin				Herbert1989	two carbons from methionine		8	4
Colletodiol			Cytospora spp	Herbert1989 ;1993Biosynthesis of colletodiol and related polyketide macrodiolides in Cytospora sp. ATCC 20502 : synthesis and metabolism of advanced intermediates	non-aromatic,by tetraketide and triketide		8	7(4+3)
Compactin
Curvularin			Penicillium sp FP1768, Penicillium baradicum Hellllinrll Osporiulll	Herbert1989	similar in chemical structure to zearalenone		16	8
Deoxyherquienone				Herbert1989	fungal phenalenones		15	7
Deoxyradicin				Herbert1989			11	6
Dihydroisocoumarin			Aspergillus terreus	Herbert1989			10	5
Diplosporin			Diplodia macrospora	Herbert1989 ;1983, Charles P. Gorst-Allman, Pieter S. Steyn and Robert Vleggaar, Biosynthesis of diplosporin by Diplodia macrospora. Part 2. Investigation of ring formation using stable isotopes. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1,?1357 - 1359	two C1 units from methionine, C11 plus C12 constitute the starter acetate		10	5
Discodermolide				Dewick2009
Doramectin				Dewick2009	macrolides
Dothistromin
Doxorubicin			Streptomyces peuceticus	Dewick2009	Adriamycin. anthracycline antibiotics,The starter group for the type II PKS is propionyl-CoA
Emodin			Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia	Dewick2009;			15	8
Emodin Anthrone			Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia	Dewick2009;			15	8
Emodin Dianthrone				Dewick2009
Endocrocin			Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia	Dewick2009;			16	8
Endocrocin Anthrone			Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia	Dewick2009;			16	8
Enniatin B
Enterocin			Streptomyces maritimus
Epothilone A				Dewick2009
Epothilone B				Dewick2009
Epothilone C				Dewick2009
Epothilone D				Dewick2009
Epoxydon			Phyllosticta sp	Herbert1989 ;1975 Biosynthesis of Epoxydon and Related Compounds by Phyllosticta sp. Agric. Bioi. Chem. ( Japan), 39,409-13			7	4
Epsilon-Pyrromycinone				Herbert1989	9 acetate units. propionate starter unit is extended by malonate unit.		20	9
Erythromycin				Dewick2009
Flavipin			Aspergillus flaviceps	Herbert1989			8	4
Fumigatin			Aspergillus fumigatus	Herbert1989	carboxy-group is lost after introduction of the C-5 hydroxy-group;otherwise a symmetrical intermediate would have been generated.		7	4
Fumonisin B1	FUM5		Fusarium verticillioides, Gibberella fujikuroi		Nonaketide
Furanomycin				Herbert1989	propionate and two acetate		7	3
Geldanamycin
Griseofulvin			Penicillium griseofulvin	Dewick2009;Herbert1989	acetate-derived metabolite,Phenolic oxidative coupling		14	7
Griseophenone B			Penicillium griseofulvin	Dewick2009;Herbert1989			14	7
Griseophenone C			Penicillium griseofulvin	Dewick2009;Herbert1989			14	7
Halichondrin B			Halichondria okadai	Dewick2009	polyethers, macrolides
Humulone			Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)	Dewick2009	typical bitter taste of beer, foam-stabilizing and antibacterial properties. Formed by oxidative transformation of deoxyhumulone. the starter unit for the polyketide is leucine-derived isovaleryl-CoA.		13	3
Hyperforin			Hypericum perforatum	Dewick2009	Antidepressive agent in St John’s Wort Polyketide nature is almost entirely obscured by the added isoprenoid fragments		17	3
Hypericin			Dermocybe spp	Dewick2009	a constituent of St John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae/Hypericaceae).
Islandicin			Penicillium islandicum	Dewick2009;Herbert1989	anthraquinone. Islandicin is another anthraquinone pigment produced by Penicillium islandicum, and differs from emodin in two ways: one hydroxyl is missing and a new hydroxyl has been in corporated adjacent to the methyl.		15	8
Isoepoxydon			Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
Isousnic Acid			Usnea spp, Cladonia spp	Dewick2009;Herbert1989	Incorporated two molecules of methylphloracetophenone by an oxidative coupling mechanism Different from usnic acid. using the alternative hydroxyl nucleophile in heterocyclic ring formation		14	4
Ivermectin				Dewick2009	macrolides
Khellin	Pentaketide chromone synthase		Ammi visnaga	Dewick2009	furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase, plant-speci?c type III PKS	Escherichia coli	11	5
Lasalocid			Streptomyces lasaliensis	Dewick2009	polyether antibiotics
Lecanoric Acid			Umbilicaria arctica, Umbilicaria nylanderiana	Dewick2009;Herbert1989	A depside (an ester formed from two phenolic acids). Combination of two orsellinic acid thioester molecule		8	4
Leucomycin A1				Herbert1989
LL-D253alpha			Phoma pigmentivora	Herbert1989	chromanone, from two polyketide chain		11	6
Lovastatin	LOVB=LNKS, LovF=LDKS	loVF	Aspergillus terreus		Nonaketide.(mevinolin; monacolin K)		yeast
M-Cresol			Aspergillus fumigatus	Dewick2009	methylphenol;3-Hydroxytoluene;3-cresol; derivative of 6-MSA		7	4
Melanin	ALB1=PKSP,PKS1		Aspergillus fumigatus, Nodulisporium sp		Heptaketide
Mellein			Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus ochraceus	Herbert1989 ;2003_Natural Products_ the Secondary Metabolites (Tutorial Chemistry Texts)			10	5
Methylphloracetophenone			Usnea spp, Cladonia spp	Dewick2009;Herbert1989	Two molecules of methylphloracetophenone: usnic acid		8	4
Mollisin			Mollisia caesia	Herbert1989	naphthoquinone.Two potential routes for the biosynthesis of mollisin: one chain and two chains		11	8(8,3+5)
Monensin A			Streptomyces cinnamonensis	Herbert1989	C31H52O9(R1)(R2),Monensin A (R1= -CH(CH3)COOH, R2= -CH2CH3) Monensin B (R1= -CH(CH3)COOH, R2= -CH3) Monensin C (R1= -(CH2)3COOH, R2= -CH2CH3)
Multicolic Acid			Penicillium multicolor	Herbert1989 ;1998,Application of Isotopic Methods to Secondary Metabolic Pathways. Thomas J.Simpson. Topics in Current Chemistry,Vol.195	fragmanted polyketide, The arrangement shown requires C-4,5 cleavae before loss of the carboxy-group.		10	6
Mycolactone			Mycobacterium ulcerans
Mycophenolic Acid			Penicillium brevicompactum	Dewick2009;Herbert1989	Immunosuppressive agent. 5-methylorsellinic acid is precursor. Addition of farnesyl alkyl. The chain length of the farnesyl alkyl group is subsequently shortened by oxidation of a double bond, giving demethylmycophenolic acid, which is then O-methylated, again involving SAM, to produce mycophenolic acid		12	4
Myxalamide		MxaC-1	Stigmatella aurantiaca	2007,Pulsawat et al.Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae.Gene.
Myxothiazol A			Stigmatella aurantiaca
Myxothiazol Z			Stigmatella aurantiaca
Niddamycin			Streptomyces caelestis
Norsolorinic Acid	norsolorinic acid(NA) PKS	A?A/B(A.parasiticus); StcJ/K(A.nidulans)	Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus	SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009	Anthraquinone. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		20	10
Nystatin			Streptomyces noursei	Dewick2009	macrolide,(NYS; Mycostatin (TN))
Ochratoxin A		otapks of A. ochraceus; otapksPN gene from P. nordicum; ACpks from A. carbonarius	Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium viridicatum,Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium nordicum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius	1979,Huff and Hamilton, W.E. Huff and P.B. Hamilton, Mycotoxins?their biosynthesis in fungi: ochratoxins?metabolites of combined pathways, Journal of Food Protection 42 (1979), pp. 815?820.;2001Harris and Mantle, J.P. Harris and P.G. Mantle, Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus, Phytochemistry 58 (2001), pp. 709?716;2009,Gallo et al.Characterisation of a pks gene which is expressed during ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius.Int J Food Microbiol.	OTA is a potent nephrotoxin and a possible human carcinogen with a polyketide derived structure.Structurally OTA consists of a polyketide which is believed to be derived from a dihydroiso-coumarin group that is amide-linked to the amino acid L-phenylalanine.Its biosynthesis pathway has yet not been completely elucidated, although a number of putative pathways have been proposed (Harris and Mantle, 2001; Huff and Hamilton, 1979).
Ochrephilone			Penicillium multicolor	Herbert1989	from two chains. formed by the condensation of two acetate-derived chains and the introduction of a C, unit (presumably from methionine) at C(4).		17	10(8+2)
Okadaic Acid			Dinophysis sp, Prorocentrum lima	Dewick2009	polyether,PP1, PP2A inhibitor
Oleandomycin			Streptomyces antibioticus	Dewick2009	Amimycin; Landomycin; Matromycin; Romicil
Olivetolic Acid			Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)	Dewick2009	A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit			4
O-Methylasparvenone			Aspergillus parvulus	Herbert1989 ; 1982, Application of?2H?-isotopic shifts in?13C n.m.r. spectra to biosynthetic studies. Incorporation of [1-13C,?2H3]acetate into?O-methylasparvenone in?Aspergillus parvulus. J. Chem. SOC., Chem. Commun.,1074.	formed by the way of naphthalene		12	6
Orcinol			Aspergillus fumigatus	Herbert1989	Collie’s realisation that the triketone might be anintermediate in orcinol biosynthesis was inspirational. synthesized chemically from dehydroacetic acid, likely via a polyketone intermediate,suggested that polyphenols could be biosynthesized from a C2 precursor		7	2
Orsellinic Acid	Orsellinic acid synthase (OSAS)	aviM	Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Penicillium madriti	Dewick2009;G.-L. Tang and W. Liu, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006,345, 133?139.	lack1OH group, because formation of conjugated system enolization		8	4
Oxytetracycline	oxy PKS (otc)	OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA	Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens	Dewick2009	starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone		19	10
Palitantin			Penicillium palitans	Herbert1989	nonaromatic six membered ring. C-12 was unexpectedly not labelled by 18O, but this is the consequence of ready exchange at this position		14	7
Patulin	MSAS;ATX(=MSAS)		Aspergillus clavatus,Aspergillus terreus,Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)	Dewick2009;1971,Aberhart and Caspi.The fate of the 6 alpha-hydrogen of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol in the conversion to 7-dehydrocholesterol by rat liver microsomes.J Biol Chem.	derived from acetate via 6-methylsalicylic acid		6	4
Penicillic Acid			Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium baarnense	Herbert1989; Dewick2009	This time orsellinic acid is aprecursor, and ring fission appears to proceed viaa quinone, which is the result of decarboxylation,oxidation, and methylation reactions		6	4
Phloracetophenone			Aspergillus clavatus				8	4
Phlorisobutyrophenone	Isobutyrophenonesynthase(BUS)		Hypericum calycinum	Dewick2009	analogue of phloroacetophenone. But using isobutyryl-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA. type III PKS. using isovalery-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA.type III PKS. Precursor of humulone			3
Phlorisovalerophenone	phlorisovalerophenone synthase(VPS)		Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)	Dewick2009	using isovalery-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA.type III PKS. Precursor of humulone			3
Physcion			Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia	Dewick2009;			15	8
Picromycin			Streptomyces venezuelae	Herbert1989
Pimaricin
Platenomycin				Herbert1989	The platenomycins are closely related to leucomycin				File:Platenomycin.Mol.png
Pretetramide	oxy PKS (otc)	OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI	Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens	Dewick2009	Malonamyl-CoA is the starter unit.Tetracyclic backbone with all carbon atoms from malonated derived precursor of tetracycline		19	9
Protohypericin			Streptomyces natalensis	Dewick2009
Pyochelin			Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pyoluteorin
Radicin				Herbert1989	formed from two polyketide chains; alternatively they may be formed by a pathway involving ring-cleavage.		11	6
Rapamycin			Streptomyces hygroscopicus	Dewick2009
Ravenilin			Helminthosporium ravenelii, Helminthosporium turcicum	Herbert1989	xanthone,Islandicin is plausibly an intermediate in ravenilin biosynthesis		12	8
Rhein			Cassia angustifolia	2002,Dewick.Medicinal natural products : a biosynthetic approach.Wiley;Dewick2009;			15	8
Rifabutin				Dewick2009
Rifamycin B			Amycolatopsis mediterranei	Dewick2009
Rifapentine				Dewick2009
Rosellisin				Herbert1989	fungal alpha-pyrones. Two carbons are derived from methionine		8	4
Rubrofusarin
Rubropunctatin			Monascus pilosus	Herbert1989	Rubropunctatin can be split into two fragments on the basis of labelling results. The left-hand part derives in the usual way. The left-habd part -though seems to derive through the beta-keto acid formed by condensation of hexanoic acid with an acetate unit.		17	6
Sclerin			Sclerotinia spp	Herbert1989	unusual, from two polyketide chains		9	5
Sclerotinin A			Sclerotinia spp	Herbert1989	from one polyketide chains		10	5
SEK4	octaketide synthase OKS		Escherichia coli	Dewick2009	A type III octaketide synthase gene from the anthraquinone-producing plant Aloe arborescens, when expressed in Escherichia coli, did not synthesize anthraquinones, but instead the two products SEK4 and SEK4b, not normally found in Aloe		16	8
SEK4b	octaketide synthase OKS		Escherichia coli	Dewick2009	A type III octaketide synthase gene from the anthraquinone-producing plant Aloe arborescens, when expressed in Escherichia coli, did not synthesize anthraquinones, but instead the two products SEK4 and SEK4b, not normally found in Aloe		16	8
Selamectin				Dewick2009	macrolides
Sennidin A			Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)	Dewick2009	dianthrone O-glycosides			8
Sennidin B			Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)	Dewick2009	dianthrone O-glycosides			8
Sennidin C			Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)	Dewick2009	dianthrone O-glycosides			8
Sennidin D			Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)	Dewick2009	dianthrone O-glycosides			8
Sennosides A			Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)	Dewick2009	dianthrone O-glycosides			8
Sennosides B			Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)	Dewick2009	dianthrone O-glycosides			8
Sennosides C			Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)	Dewick2009	dianthrone O-glycosides			8
Sennosides D			Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)	Dewick2009	dianthrone O-glycosides			8
Sepedonin					fungal tropolone			5
Siccanin			Helminthosporium siccans	Herbert1989	Antifungal drug,The fungal metabolite siccanin (21) contains a sesquiterpenoid fragment and a fragment derived from orsellinic acid.
Silvaticamide			Aspergillus silvaticus	Herbert1989 ;1985 CPB_Biosynthesis of Silvaticamide, a Toxin from Aspergillus silvaticus	derived by fragmentation of an anthraquinone, have similar prenylated skeleton with tajixanthone		17	8(12)
SMA76a		pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi		Herbert1989	nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.	E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))	18	9
SMA76b		pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi		Herbert1989	nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.	E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))		9
SMA76c		pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi		Herbert1989	nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.	E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))		9
Soraphen A			Sorangium cellulosum
Spinulosin			Aspergillus fumigatus
Spiramycin I
Sterigmatocystin	NSAS,PKS-st(STCA)	Aspergillus nidulans(pksST)(stcA)(Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB)	Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans	Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009;2009,Hertweck.The biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity.Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.	Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		15	10
Stigmatellin A			Stigmatella aurantiaca
Stipitatonic Acid			Penicillium stipitatum	Herbert1989 ;1963,Bentley.Biosynthesis of tropolones in Penicillium stipitatum.” J Biol Chem.	3-methylorsellinic acid is a intermediate, tropolone containing metabolite		9	4
Sulochrin			Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus	Herbert1989	via the anthraquinone. fungal p-methylbenzophenone derivatives		13	8
Tacrolimus			Streptomyces sp	Dewick2009
Tajixanthone			Aspergillus variecolor	Herbert1989	derived by fragmentation of an anthraquinone, have similar prenylated skeleton with silvaticamide		20	8(12)
Tennellin					fungal PKS-NRPS	a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
Terrein			Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus	Herbert1989	via a dihydro-isocoumarins; biosynthesis pathway is incompleted		8	5
Terrequinone A			Aspergillus nidulans	2007,Corre and Challis.Heavy tools for genome mining.Chem Biol.;[8]2007,Bouhired et al.Accurate prediction of the Aspergillus nidulans terrequinone gene cluster boundaries using the transcriptional regulator LaeA.Fungal Genet Biol.	cryptic NRPS system	TdiA-E in E. coli
Tetracenomycin F2		tcm	Streptomyces glaucescens	2008,Ames et al.Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO/CYC: implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.	type II polyketide products
Tetracycline	oxy PKS (otc)	OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA	Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens	Dewick2009	starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone		19	9
Tetrahydro Cannabinol			Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)	Dewick2009	Dronabinol; delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Tetrahydrocannabinol.A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit The aromatic ring/C5 chain originates from hexanoate and malonate, then cyclization.Precursor isolivetolic acid
Tetrahydroxynaphthalene	tetrahydroxynaphthalene synthase (THNS);RppA	pks1, from Colletotrichum lagenarium	Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Colletotrichum lagenarium	2001,Pfeifer and Khosla.Biosynthesis of polyketides in heterologous hosts.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.;2007,American Chemical Society. Meeting (229th : 2005 : San Diego Calif.) et al.Polyketides : biosynthesis, biological activity, and genetic engineering.American Chemical Society : Distributed by Oxford University Press	intermediate of napyradiomycin A	Aspergillus oryzae	10	5
Triacetic Acid Lactone	2-pyrone synthase		Gerbera hybrida	2005BB_Microbial Synthesis of Triacetic Acid Lactone	Ether ring formation by cyclization of the 3,5-diketohexanoate thioester ;not only one pks can produce TAL	Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae	6	3
Trypacidin			Aspergillus fumigatus
T-Toxin	PKS1		Cochliobolus heterostrophus
Tylactone			Streptomyces fradiae
Tylosin			Streptomyces fradiae	Dewick2009
Urushiol III			Toxicodendron radicans,Toxicodendron toxicaria	Dewick2009	3-(8,11-Pentadecadienyl)-1,2-benzenediol. palmitoleoyl-CoA ( 9-hexadecenoyl-CoA) can act as starter group for extension by three malonyl-CoA units
Usnic Acid			Usnea spp, Cladonia spp, Flavocetraria cucculata, Flavocetraria nivalis	Dewick2009;	antibacterial metabolite.formed by two methylphloracetophenone. Incorporated two molecules of methylphloracetophenone by an oxidative coupling mechanism. c-methylation by SAM		14(8,8)	8(4,4)
Variotin				Herbert1989	from acetate(malonate) and methionine with the pyrrolidone ring having its origins in glutamic acid		12	6
Versicolorin A		Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB	Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus	Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009	Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		17	10
Versicolorin B		Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS	Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus	Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009	Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		17	10
Versiconal		Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA,EstA	Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus	Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009	Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		17	10
Versiconal Acetate		Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA	Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus	Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009	Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.		17	10
Visnagin	Pentaketide chromone synthase		Ammi visnaga	Dewick2009	furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.precursor of the well known antiasthmatic furochromones, kehellin.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase ,plant-speci?c type III PKS	Escherichia coli	11	5
WA-Naphthopyron		wA	Aspergillus nidulans
Zaragozic Acids A			Sporomiella intermedia, Leptodontium elatius
Zearalenone				Dewick2009