Doc:Tea/Others

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{{Tea/Header}}
 
{{Tea/Header}}
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=={{Bilingual|モチノキ属|Genus ''Ilex''}}==
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;text-align:center"
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! [http://hfnet.nih.go.jp/ 国立健康・栄養研究所]による情報
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|-
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| [http://hfnet.nih.go.jp/contents/detail540.html マテ茶]
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|-
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| [http://hfnet.nih.go.jp/contents/detail374.html グァバ茶]
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|-
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| [http://hfnet.nih.go.jp/contents/detail82.html テン茶]
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|-
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| [http://hfnet.nih.go.jp/contents/detail736.html ルイボス茶]
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|}
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=={{Bilingual|モチノキ属 (ヒイラギ) の茶|Tea from genus ''Ilex'' (holly trees)}}==
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 +
<center>
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{| class="wikitable"
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! {{Bilingual|有効成分|Active Ingredients}}
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|-
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| {{Bilingual|カフェイン、クロロゲン酸、サポニン|caffeine, chlorogenic acids, saponins}}
 +
|}
 +
</center>
  
 
==={{Bilingual|苦丁茶|Ku-Ding Tea}}===
 
==={{Bilingual|苦丁茶|Ku-Ding Tea}}===
  
 
{{Twocolumn|
 
{{Twocolumn|
−
In China and Japan, leaves of [[Species:Ilex|''Ilex kudingcha'']] C. J. Tseng, ''I. cornuta'' (Chinese holly), and ''I. latifolia'' Thunb. are used for the Ku-Ding Tea. Its extreme bitterness comes from triterpene saponins, mainly those derived from ursolic acid. A purified saponin fraction of ''Ilex pubescens'' root is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.<ref>Wang JR, Zhou H, Jiang ZH, Wong YF, Liu L (2008) In vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a purified saponin fraction derived from the root of Ilex pubescens. ''Biol Pharm Bull'' 31(4):643-50</ref>
+
In China and Japan, leaves of [[Species:Ilex|''Ilex kudingcha'']] C. J. Tseng, ''I. cornuta'' (Chinese holly), and ''I. latifolia'' Thunb. are used for the Ku-Ding Tea. Its extreme bitterness comes from triterpene saponins, mainly those derived from ursolic acid. A purified saponin fraction of ''Ilex pubescens'' root is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.<ref>Wang JR, Zhou H, Jiang ZH, Wong YF, Liu L (2008) In vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a purified saponin fraction derived from the root of Ilex pubescens. ''Biol Pharm Bull'' 31(4):643-50</ref> The effect of leaf extract is still unknown.
 
|
 
|
−
中国と日本では、''Ilex kudingcha'' C. J. Tseng, ''I. cornuta'' (中国ヒイラギ), and ''I. latifolia'' Thunb. の葉を、苦丁茶として飲用する。その味はとても苦く、トリテルペンサポニン (ursolic acidとその配糖体) が原因である<ref>根岸紀 (2007) 苦丁茶の成分と機能性.  日本食生活学会誌 18(1):25–31</ref>。同属の''Ilex pubescens''の根から抽出したサポニンは、抗炎症、抗アレルギー効果を持つことが知られている。
+
中国と日本では、''Ilex kudingcha'' C. J. Tseng, ''I. cornuta'' (中国ヒイラギ), and ''I. latifolia'' Thunb. の葉を、苦丁茶として飲用します。その味はとても苦く、トリテルペンサポニン (ursolic acidとその配糖体) が原因です<ref>根岸紀 (2007) 苦丁茶の成分と機能性.  日本食生活学会誌 18(1):25–31</ref>。同属の''Ilex pubescens''の根から抽出したサポニンは、抗炎症、鎮痛効果を持つことが知られていますが、葉の効能は未定です。
 
}}
 
}}
  
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{{Twocolumn|
 
{{Twocolumn|
 
In Brazil and Paraguay, leaves of ''[[Species:Ilex|Ilex paraguayensis]]'' or ''I. paraguensis'' or ''I. paraguariensis'' are used for Mate tea.<ref name="martin">Martin H (1977) The history of Ilex with special reference to Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 25,655-673</ref> It is also called yerba mate and contains caffeine, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acids (in contrast to what is believed, no tannin is included <ref name="martin"/>).
 
In Brazil and Paraguay, leaves of ''[[Species:Ilex|Ilex paraguayensis]]'' or ''I. paraguensis'' or ''I. paraguariensis'' are used for Mate tea.<ref name="martin">Martin H (1977) The history of Ilex with special reference to Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 25,655-673</ref> It is also called yerba mate and contains caffeine, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acids (in contrast to what is believed, no tannin is included <ref name="martin"/>).
−
The plant was first cultivated and became widespread by Jesuit missionaries.<ref>Herzfeld H (1920) Ilex paraguensis or la yerba mate. ''Pharm Era'' 53,353-354</ref>
+
The plant was first cultivated and became widespread by Jesuit missionaries after Spanish conquest.<ref>Herzfeld H (1920) Ilex paraguensis or la yerba mate. ''Pharm Era'' 53,353-354</ref>
 
|
 
|
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ブラジルとパラグアイでは、''[[Species:Ilex|Ilex paraguayensis]]'' 又は ''I. paraguensis'' 又は ''I. paraguariensis'' の葉をマテ茶として飲用する。
+
ブラジルとパラグアイでは、''[[Species:Ilex|Ilex paraguayensis]]'' 又は ''I. paraguensis'' 又は ''I. paraguariensis'' の葉をマテ茶として飲用します。
−
マテ茶はイェルバマテとも呼ばれ、主要成分はカフェインと桂皮酸、クロロゲン酸類である (通説とは異なり、タンニンは含まない)。
+
マテ茶はイェルバマテとも呼ばれ、主要成分はカフェイン、コーヒー酸、クロロゲン酸類です (通説とは異なり、タンニンは含みません)。
−
マテ茶の木は、アメリカインディアンが用いていたとされ、後にイエズス会が栽培して広まった。
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マテ茶はアメリカインディアンが飲んでいたとされ、スペインの侵略後にイエズス会が栽培して広まりました。
 
}}
 
}}
  
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Indians of the South-Eastern United States used leaves of [[Species:Ilex|''Ilex cassine'']], ''I. vomitoria'', and ''I. dahoon'' to brew a spiritual drink called Yaupon or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_drink black drink].  The drink was believed to cause sweat and vomiting but its active ingredient is caffeine. In proper dilution, the drink was used as stimulant during the civil war in Southern North America.<ref name="martin" />
 
Indians of the South-Eastern United States used leaves of [[Species:Ilex|''Ilex cassine'']], ''I. vomitoria'', and ''I. dahoon'' to brew a spiritual drink called Yaupon or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_drink black drink].  The drink was believed to cause sweat and vomiting but its active ingredient is caffeine. In proper dilution, the drink was used as stimulant during the civil war in Southern North America.<ref name="martin" />
 
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|
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米国東南のインディアンは [[Species:Ilex|''Ilex cassine'']], ''I. vomitoria'', および ''I. dahoon'' の葉を、ヨーポンまたはブラックドリンクと呼ばれる神事用の飲み物として用いた。
+
米国東南のインディアンは [[Species:Ilex|''Ilex cassine'']], ''I. vomitoria'', および ''I. dahoon'' の葉を、ヨーポンまたはブラックドリンクと呼ばれる神事用の飲み物として用いました。
−
汗を多くかいて吐き気を催す作用を持つと思われていたが、有効成分はカフェインである。
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汗を多くかいて吐き気を催す作用を持つと思われていますが、有効成分はカフェインです。（カフェインは多く服用すると吐き気を催します。）
−
濃度を調整すれば眠気覚ましになり、南北戦争の際に北米南部において飲用された。
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濃度を調整すれば眠気覚ましになるため、南北戦争の際に北米南部において飲用されましたた。
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
−
===庶民の茶===
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=={{Bilingual|フトモモ科の茶|Tea from family ''Myrtaceae''}}==
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<center>
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{| class="wikitable"
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! {{Bilingual|有効成分|Active Ingredients}}
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|-
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| {{Bilingual|ポリフェノール？|polyphenols?}}
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|}
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</center>
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 +
==={{Bilingual|グァバ茶|Guaba Tea}}===
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{{Twocolumn|
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The guava tea, or leaves of guava tree ([[Species:Psidium|Psidium guajava]]), is said to reduce the blood glucose level through its polyphenols.  In Japan, it is officially recognized as [http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/foodsafety/fhc/02.html Foods for Specified Health Use] (FOSHU), but no refereed journal article is found in Medline about its function.
 +
Many commercial sites promote its anti-allergic (esp. pollen allergy) effect, but no effect was found in 2-week activity test using rats <ref name="matsuda">Matsuda K, Nishimura Y, Kurata N, Iwase M, Yasuhara H (2007) Effects of continuous ingestion of herbal teas on intestinal CYP3A in the rat. ''J Pharmacol Sci'' 103(2):214-21</ref>.
 +
|
 +
グァバ ([[Species:Psidium|Psidium guajava]]) の葉を用いた茶。食後血糖値の上昇を抑えると言われ、特定保健用食品の関与成分として許可されています。しかし、文献データベースMedlineにおいて当該効果を示すような英文文献は見つかりません。
 +
抗アレルギー、抗花粉症作用を掲げるサイトも多いが、ラットを用いた2週間の試験では、cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3Aの活性には影響が無く、薬効は示唆されていません。
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}}
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 +
==={{Bilingual|シジュウム茶|Syzygium Tea}}===
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{{Twocolumn|
 +
Syzygium Tea, which is sold for its anti-allergic effect, is made from genus [[Species:Syzygium|Syzygium]] in [[:Category:Myrtaceae|Myrtaceae]]. Because the culinary herb 'Clove' is [[CrudeDrug:Caryophylli_Flos|''Syzygium aromaticum'']], you can consider this tea as 'Clove' tea.
 +
|
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抗アレルギー、抗花粉症用として飲用されるシジュウム茶はグァバ茶と同じフトモモ科の[[Species:Syzygium|シジュウム属]]から作られます。料理に使うクローブ（丁子）が[[CrudeDrug:Caryophylli_Flos|''Syzygium aromaticum'']]なので、クローブの葉と考えるのが適当でしょう。　効能はグァバ茶に類似すると考えられます。
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}}
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 +
=={{Bilingual|マメ科の茶|Tea from family ''Fabaceae''}}==
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 +
==={{Bilingual|ルイボス茶|Rooibos Tea}}===
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{{Twocolumn|
 +
Rooibos tea is dried and oxidized leaves of [[Species:Aspalathus|Aspalathus linearis]].
 +
It contains no caffeine or tannins, and no effect to drug metabolism is reported <ref name="matsuda"/>. A unique flavonoid 'aspalathin' is isolated from this plant <ref>Koeppen BH, Roux DG (1966) C-glycosylflavonoids. The chemistry of aspalathin. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4290475?dopt=Abstract ''Biochem J'' 99(3):604-9]<br/>
 +
Bramati L, Minoggio M, Gardana C, Simonetti P, Mauri P, Pietta P (2002) Quantitative characterization of flavonoid compounds in Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) by LC-UV/DAD. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12236672?dopt=Abstract ''J Agric Food Chem'' 50(20):5513-9]</ref>
 +
|
 +
ルイボス茶とはマメ科[[Species:Aspalathus|Aspalathus linearis]]の葉を乾燥、酸化させたものです。
 +
カフェインやタンニンを含んでおらず、薬物代謝への影響も見られません。
 +
フラボノイドのアスパラチンやオリエンチンを含みます。
 +
}}
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 +
<references/>
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=={{Bilingual|それ以外の科|Other teas}}==
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==={{Bilingual|甜茶|Tencha (Rose family, )}}===
 +
 
 +
{{Twocolumn|
 +
Tencha is dried leaves of [[Species:Rubus|''Rubus suavissimus'' S. Lee]] ([[:Category:Rosaceae]] or rose family) originally from southern China. It contains a sweet stevioside, called rubinoside.
 +
It is often used to reduce pollen allergy in Japan, but its in vitro activity is known to be less than the fruit hull of mangosteen ([[Species:Garcinia|''Garcinia mangostana'' L.]])<ref>Nakatani K, Atsumi M, Arakawa T, Oosawa K, Shimura S, Nakahata N, Ohizumi Y (2002) Inhibitions of histamine release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen, a Thai medicinal plant. ''Biol Pharm Bull'' 25(9):1137-41</ref>
 +
|
 +
甜葉懸鈎子 (てんようけんこうし) と呼ばれる中国原産の[[:Category:Rosaceae|バラ科]] [[Species:Rubus|キイチゴ属 Rubus suavissimus]] S. Lee の葉。植物由来の甘味料であるstevioside (ジテルペン) を含むので甘みがあります。花粉症に有効とされるようですが、Medline上の英文文献では甜茶よりもマンゴスチンの皮のほうが抗ヒスタミン効果を持つことが報告されています。
 +
 
 +
}}
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<references/>
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=={{Bilingual|ツバキ属の茶|Tea from genus ''Camellia''}}==
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<center>
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{| class="wikitable"
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! {{Bilingual|有効成分|Active Ingredients}}
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|-
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| {{Bilingual|カフェイン、カテキン、サポニン|caffeine, catechins, saponins}}
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|}
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</center>
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 +
 
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==={{Bilingual|黒ウーロン茶|Black Oolong}}===
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{{Twocolumn|
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Black oolong tea is roasted standard oolong tea.
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See [[Doc:Tea#.E8.8C.B6.E3.81.AE.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E|here]] for details.
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|
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黒ウーロン茶は、通常のウーロン茶を焙煎しただけです。
 +
詳しくは [[Doc:Tea#.E8.8C.B6.E3.81.AE.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E|こちら]]を御覧ください。
 +
}}
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 +
==={{Bilingual|庶民の茶|Misc. in Japan}}===
 
茶の種子や花にはサポニン成分が含まれており、点てると泡を生じる。
 
茶の種子や花にはサポニン成分が含まれており、点てると泡を生じる。
  
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|}
 
|}
  
 +
;References
 
<references/>
 
<references/>

Latest revision as of 20:46, 5 December 2011

Tea Top Exotic teas Production/Consumption Health
国立健康・栄養研究所による情報
マテ茶
グァバ茶
テン茶
ルイボス茶

Contents

[edit] Tea from genus Ilex (holly trees)

Active Ingredients
caffeine, chlorogenic acids, saponins

[edit] Ku-Ding Tea

In China and Japan, leaves of Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng, I. cornuta (Chinese holly), and I. latifolia Thunb. are used for the Ku-Ding Tea. Its extreme bitterness comes from triterpene saponins, mainly those derived from ursolic acid. A purified saponin fraction of Ilex pubescens root is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.[1] The effect of leaf extract is still unknown.

[edit] Mate Tea

In Brazil and Paraguay, leaves of Ilex paraguayensis or I. paraguensis or I. paraguariensis are used for Mate tea.[2] It is also called yerba mate and contains caffeine, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acids (in contrast to what is believed, no tannin is included [2]). The plant was first cultivated and became widespread by Jesuit missionaries after Spanish conquest.[3]

[edit] Yaupon, asi or Black Drink

Indians of the South-Eastern United States used leaves of Ilex cassine, I. vomitoria, and I. dahoon to brew a spiritual drink called Yaupon or black drink. The drink was believed to cause sweat and vomiting but its active ingredient is caffeine. In proper dilution, the drink was used as stimulant during the civil war in Southern North America.[2]

  1. ↑ Wang JR, Zhou H, Jiang ZH, Wong YF, Liu L (2008) In vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a purified saponin fraction derived from the root of Ilex pubescens. Biol Pharm Bull 31(4):643-50
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Martin H (1977) The history of Ilex with special reference to Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 25,655-673
  3. ↑ Herzfeld H (1920) Ilex paraguensis or la yerba mate. Pharm Era 53,353-354

[edit] Tea from family Myrtaceae

Active Ingredients
polyphenols?

[edit] Guaba Tea

The guava tea, or leaves of guava tree (Psidium guajava), is said to reduce the blood glucose level through its polyphenols. In Japan, it is officially recognized as Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU), but no refereed journal article is found in Medline about its function. Many commercial sites promote its anti-allergic (esp. pollen allergy) effect, but no effect was found in 2-week activity test using rats [1].

[edit] Syzygium Tea

Syzygium Tea, which is sold for its anti-allergic effect, is made from genus Syzygium in Myrtaceae. Because the culinary herb 'Clove' is Syzygium aromaticum, you can consider this tea as 'Clove' tea.

[edit] Tea from family Fabaceae

[edit] Rooibos Tea

Rooibos tea is dried and oxidized leaves of Aspalathus linearis. It contains no caffeine or tannins, and no effect to drug metabolism is reported [1]. A unique flavonoid 'aspalathin' is isolated from this plant [2]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsuda K, Nishimura Y, Kurata N, Iwase M, Yasuhara H (2007) Effects of continuous ingestion of herbal teas on intestinal CYP3A in the rat. J Pharmacol Sci 103(2):214-21
  2. ↑ Koeppen BH, Roux DG (1966) C-glycosylflavonoids. The chemistry of aspalathin. Biochem J 99(3):604-9
    Bramati L, Minoggio M, Gardana C, Simonetti P, Mauri P, Pietta P (2002) Quantitative characterization of flavonoid compounds in Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) by LC-UV/DAD. J Agric Food Chem 50(20):5513-9


[edit] Other teas

[edit] Tencha (Rose family, )

Tencha is dried leaves of Rubus suavissimus S. Lee (Category:Rosaceae or rose family) originally from southern China. It contains a sweet stevioside, called rubinoside. It is often used to reduce pollen allergy in Japan, but its in vitro activity is known to be less than the fruit hull of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.)[1]

  1. ↑ Nakatani K, Atsumi M, Arakawa T, Oosawa K, Shimura S, Nakahata N, Ohizumi Y (2002) Inhibitions of histamine release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen, a Thai medicinal plant. Biol Pharm Bull 25(9):1137-41

[edit] Tea from genus Camellia

Active Ingredients
caffeine, catechins, saponins


[edit] Black Oolong

Black oolong tea is roasted standard oolong tea. See here for details.

[edit] Misc. in Japan

茶の種子や花にはサポニン成分が含まれており、点てると泡を生じる。

 播磨章一 「茶花の史的考察」より[1]
点て茶の名称 使用茶 塩 泡重視 茶筅 桶茶性 茶受け
陰干し茶 （全国） 枝葉花 ○ ○ ○ × 穀類（椀内）
タテ茶 （糸魚川） 番茶、茶花 ○ ○ ○ ○ 漬物類（椀外）
バタバタ茶 （蛭谷） 黒茶、茶花 ○ ○ ○ ○ 漬物類（椀外）
ボテボテ茶 （島根、出雲） 陰干し茶、茶花 ○ ○ ○ ○ 　煮豆、冷や飯、漬物など（椀内）
ボテ茶 （松山） クコ ○ ○ ○ ○ 雑具（椀内）
もくだ （舘岡） 鳥足升麻 ○ ○ ○ × ×
振茶 （中曽司） 煎茶（粉） ○ ○ ○ × 雑穀（椀内）
フイ茶 （鹿児島、徳之島） 番茶 × ○ ○ ○ ×
ブクブク茶（沖縄） サンピン茶他 ○ ○ ○ ○ 穀類（椀内）
やこめ 番茶 ○ × × × 穀類（椀内）
茶の湯 抹茶 × ○ ○ ○ 甘味嗜好（椀外）
尻振り茶 番茶 × × × × 穀類（椀内）
紀州茶粥（和歌山） 番茶 × × × × 穀類（椀内）
碁石茶粥（徳島） 碁石茶 ○ × × × 穀類（椀内）
References
  1. ↑ 第2回国際茶花シンポジウム抄録集、pp.3-5
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