Doc:Bioactives

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(New page: =={{Bilingual|生理活性物質|Bioactive Metabolites}}== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Table 1 Approximate number of known natural products<ref name="Berdy">Berdy J ...)
 
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=={{Bilingual|生理活性物質|Bioactive Metabolites}}==
 
=={{Bilingual|生理活性物質|Bioactive Metabolites}}==
  
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===={{Bilingual|生理活性物質は自然界に20～25万程度存在すると予想される。|The number of bioactive natural products is estimated around 200000 to 250000.}}====
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Approximate number of known natural products<ref name="Berdy">Berdy J (2005) "Bioactive Microbial Metabolites" ''J Antibiot'' 58(1):1-26</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|+ Table 1 Approximate number of known natural products<ref name="Berdy">Berdy J (2005) "Bioactive Microbial Metabolites" ''J Antibiot'' 58(1):1-26</ref>
 
 
! style="text-align:left" | Source  
 
! style="text-align:left" | Source  
 
! All known compounds || “Bioactives”|| Antibiotics
 
! All known compounds || “Bioactives”|| Antibiotics
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|style="text-align:left" | Vertebrates<br/>(mammals, fishes, amphibians, etc.) || 200000 to 250000 || 50000 to 70000 || ca. 1000
 
|style="text-align:left" | Vertebrates<br/>(mammals, fishes, amphibians, etc.) || 200000 to 250000 || 50000 to 70000 || ca. 1000
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|}
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===={{Bilingual|生理活性物質の多くは、放線菌とカビ類から見つかっている。|Most bioactive microbial natural products are found in Actinomycetales and fungi.}}====
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Approximate number of bioactive microbial natural products (2002). According to their producers<ref name="Berdy"/>
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
! Source || Antibiotics ||“Other bioactive”<br/>metabolites || Total bioactive<br/>metabolites || Practically used <br/>(in human therapy) || Inactive metabolites
 +
|-
 +
| Bacteria || 2900 || 900 || 3800 || 10 to 12 (8 to 10) || 3000 to 5000
 +
|-
 +
| Actinomycetales || 8700 || 1400 || 10100 || 100 to 120 (70 to 75) || 5000 to 10000
 +
|-
 +
| Fungi || 4900 || 3700 || 8600 || 30 to 35 (13 to 15) || 2000 to 15 000
 +
|-
 +
! Total || 16500 || 6000 || 22500 || 140 to 160 (ca. 100) || 20000 to 25000
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
Approximate numbers of bioactive natural products (2002). Derived from higher forms of life<ref name="Berdy"/>
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! Source || Antibiotics || “Other bioactive”|| Total ||
 +
|-
 +
| Lichens || 160 || ? || 160
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| rowspan="4" | Plant products <br/> 13210
 +
|-
 +
| Algae || 620 || 730 || 1350
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|-
 +
| Lower Plants (Bryophyta)* || 200 || ? || 200
 +
|-
 +
| Higher Plants* || 11500 || ? || 11500
 +
|-
 +
| Invertebrates* || 480 || ? || 480
 +
| rowspan="15"| Animal products<br/>7280
 +
|-
 +
| Insects* || 320 || || 320
 +
|-
 +
| Worms, others (crustaceans)* || 160 || || 160
 +
|-
 +
| Marine Animals (total) || 3400 || 2700 || 6100
 +
|-
 +
| Sponges || 1850 || 1500 || 3350
 +
|-
 +
| Coelenterates || 630 || 570 || 1100
 +
|-
 +
| Tunicates || 420 || 230 || 650
 +
|-
 +
| Molluscs || 300 || 350 || 650
 +
|-
 +
| Echinoderms || 220 || 60 || 280
 +
|-
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| Bryozoa || 70 || 50 || 120
 +
|-
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| Fishes* || 50 || ? || 50
 +
|-
 +
| Amphibians, reptils* || 240 || ? || 240
 +
|-
 +
| Terrestrial vertebrates* (total) || 410 || ? || 410
 +
|-
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| Mammals* || 340 ||  || 340
 +
|-
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| Others (birds, etc.)* || 50 || || 50
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|-
 +
! Total || 16985 ||  || 20540
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
Approximate number of bioactive microbial metabolites according to their producers and bioactivities
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
| colspan="6" | Bioactive secondary microbial metabolites
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|-
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| rowspan="2" | Source
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| colspan="2" | Antibiotics
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| colspan="2" | Bioactive metabolites
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| rowspan="2" | Total bioactive <br/>metabolites
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|-
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| Total || (with other activity) || no antibiotic activity || (antibiotics plus <br/>“other bioactives”)
 +
|-
 +
! Bacteria || 2900 || (780) || 900 || (1680) || 3800
 +
|-
 +
| Eubacteriales || 2170 || (570) || 580 || (1150) || 2750
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|-
 +
| &nbsp; ''Bacillus sp.'' || 795 || (235) || 65 || (300) || 860
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|-
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| &nbsp; ''Pseudomonas sp.'' || 610 || (185) || 185 || (370) || 795
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|-
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| Myxobacter || 400 || (130) || 10 || (140) || 410
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|-
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| Cyanobacter || 300 || (80) || 340 || (420) || 640
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|-
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! Actinomycetales || 8700 || (2400) || 1400 || (3800) || 10100
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|-
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| ''Streptomyces sp.'' || 6550 || (1920) || 1080 || (3000) || 7630
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|-
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| Rare actinos || 2250 || (580) || 220 || (800) || 2470
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|-
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! Fungi || 4900 || (2300) || 3700 || (6000) || 8600
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|-
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| Microscopic fungi || 3770 || (2070) || 2680 || (4750) || 6450
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|-
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| &nbsp; ''Penicillium/Aspergillus'' || 1000 || (450) || 950 || (1400) || 1950
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|-
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| Basidiomycetes || 1050 || (200) || 950 || (1150) || 2000
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|-
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| Yeasts || 105 || (35) || 35 || (70) || 140
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|-
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| Slime moulds || 30 || (5) || 20 || (25) || 60
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|-
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! Total Microbial || 16500 || (5500) || 6000 || (11500) || 22500
 +
|-
 +
| Protozoa || 35 || (10) || 5 || (45) || 50
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 17:11, 22 September 2010

Bioactive Metabolites

The number of bioactive natural products is estimated around 200000 to 250000.

Approximate number of known natural products[1]

Source All known compounds “Bioactives” Antibiotics
Natural Products over one million 200000 to 250000 25000 to 30000
Plant Kingdom 600000 to 700000 150000 to 200000 ca. 25000
  Microbes over 50000 22000 to 23000 ca. 17000
  Algae, Lichens 3000 to 5000 1500 to 2000 ca. 1000
  Higher Plants 500000 to 600000 ca. 100000 10000 to 12000
Animal Kingdom 300000 to 400000 50000 to 100000 ca. 5000
  Protozoa several hundreds 100 to 200 ca. 50
  Invertebrates: ca. 100000  ? ca. 500
    Marine animals 20000 to 25000 7000 to 8000 3000 to 4000
    Insects/worms/etc. 8000 to 10000 800 to 1000 150 to 200
Vertebrates
(mammals, fishes, amphibians, etc.) 		200000 to 250000 50000 to 70000 ca. 1000

Most bioactive microbial natural products are found in Actinomycetales and fungi.

Approximate number of bioactive microbial natural products (2002). According to their producers[1]

Source Antibiotics “Other bioactive”
metabolites 		Total bioactive
metabolites 		Practically used
(in human therapy) 		Inactive metabolites
Bacteria 2900 900 3800 10 to 12 (8 to 10) 3000 to 5000
Actinomycetales 8700 1400 10100 100 to 120 (70 to 75) 5000 to 10000
Fungi 4900 3700 8600 30 to 35 (13 to 15) 2000 to 15 000
Total 16500 6000 22500 140 to 160 (ca. 100) 20000 to 25000


Approximate numbers of bioactive natural products (2002). Derived from higher forms of life[1]

Source Antibiotics “Other bioactive” Total
Lichens 160  ? 160 Plant products
13210
Algae 620 730 1350
Lower Plants (Bryophyta)* 200  ? 200
Higher Plants* 11500  ? 11500
Invertebrates* 480  ? 480 Animal products
7280
Insects* 320 320
Worms, others (crustaceans)* 160 160
Marine Animals (total) 3400 2700 6100
Sponges 1850 1500 3350
Coelenterates 630 570 1100
Tunicates 420 230 650
Molluscs 300 350 650
Echinoderms 220 60 280
Bryozoa 70 50 120
Fishes* 50  ? 50
Amphibians, reptils* 240  ? 240
Terrestrial vertebrates* (total) 410  ? 410
Mammals* 340 340
Others (birds, etc.)* 50 50
Total 16985 20540


Approximate number of bioactive microbial metabolites according to their producers and bioactivities

Bioactive secondary microbial metabolites
Source Antibiotics Bioactive metabolites Total bioactive
metabolites
Total (with other activity) no antibiotic activity (antibiotics plus
“other bioactives”)
Bacteria 2900 (780) 900 (1680) 3800
Eubacteriales 2170 (570) 580 (1150) 2750
  Bacillus sp. 795 (235) 65 (300) 860
  Pseudomonas sp. 610 (185) 185 (370) 795
Myxobacter 400 (130) 10 (140) 410
Cyanobacter 300 (80) 340 (420) 640
Actinomycetales 8700 (2400) 1400 (3800) 10100
Streptomyces sp. 6550 (1920) 1080 (3000) 7630
Rare actinos 2250 (580) 220 (800) 2470
Fungi 4900 (2300) 3700 (6000) 8600
Microscopic fungi 3770 (2070) 2680 (4750) 6450
  Penicillium/Aspergillus 1000 (450) 950 (1400) 1950
Basidiomycetes 1050 (200) 950 (1150) 2000
Yeasts 105 (35) 35 (70) 140
Slime moulds 30 (5) 20 (25) 60
Total Microbial 16500 (5500) 6000 (11500) 22500
Protozoa 35 (10) 5 (45) 50

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