Index:PSA/Medicinal

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Medicinal Plants of South Africa by South African National Biodiversity Institute

PSA Page Family Genus
(our page)
Synonyms Parts used Major chemical constituents Bioactivity
Agathosma betulina (Berg.) Pillans Rutaceae Agathosma Barosma betulina Bartl. and Wendl. f.
Hartogia betulina Berg.
fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; colour light yellow-green; odour highly aromatic; texture soft when fresh, leathery when dry limonene, rutin, diosmin, menthone/isomenthone, (ψ) -diosphenol/diosphenol, pulegone/isopulegone, cis- and trans-8-mercapto-p-menthane-3-ones weak antimicrobial , smooth muscle spasmogenic , antimutagenic , antiinflammatory (diosmin)
Agathosma crenulata (L.) Pillans Rutaceae Agathosma Barosma crenulata Hook.
Barosma serratifolia (Vent.) Willd.
fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; colour light yellow-green; odour highly aromatic; texture soft when fresh, leathery when dry limonene, menthone/isomenthone, pulegone/isopulegone, cis- and trans-8-mercapto-p-menthane-3-ones weak antimicrobial , smooth muscle spasmogenic
Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. Apiaceae Alepidea none fresh or dried rhizome and root; colour russet-brown externally; odour pleasant aromatic; texture crisp resinous) kaurene-type diterpenes (e.g. ent-16-kaurene-19-oic acid) antimicrobial , antihypertensive , diuretic, cytotoxic, antiviral
Arctopus echinatus L. Apiaceae Arctopus none fresh or dried sliced root; odour pleasant aromatic; texture pliable when fresh, brittle when dry saponins, reducing sugars, kaurene-type diterpenes (e.g. ent-16-kaurene-19-oic acid) no formal pharmacological studies
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. Asteraceae Artemisia none fresh or dried aerial parts (material comprising leaves, smaller stems, and flowers); colour grey; odour highly aromatic; taste extremely bitter saponins, tannins, triterpenes (e.g. alpha- and beta-amyrin, friedelin), alkanes ceryl cerotinate, n-nonacosane, 2 luteolin methyl ethers, sesquiterpene lactones (10 guaianolides and 5 glaucolides), alpha- and beta-thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, alpha-pinene antihistaminic, narcotic analgesic, antimicrobial , antioxidant, weak antimalarial, antibacterial, antinematodal, cytotoxic, antiviral
Asclepias fruticosa L. Asclepiadaceae Asclepias none fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; colour light yellow-green; odour faint; taste bitter glycosides of the cardenolide, pregnanes type (e.g. 17beta-hydroxygomphoside), monosaccharides (e.g. digitoxose, olivose, cymarose, oleandrose and deoxyallose), monosaccharides with cinnamic acids (e.g. sinapic acid) antihypertensive, cardiac, uterotonic, antihypertensive
Ballota africana (L.) Benth. Lamiaceae Ballota Marrubium africanum (L.) Benth fresh or dried overground parts (material comprising leaves and smaller stems together with occasional flowers and fruits); colour deep green; odour pleasant aromatic; texture rough-hairy saponins, tannins, labdane type diterpene lactones (e.g. ballotenone, premarrubiin), flavonoids, pyrrolidine-type alkaloids expectorant (premarrubiin), antiviral, cytotoxic
Buddleja saligna Willd. Buddlejaceae Buddleja Chilianthus olearaceus Burch. fresh or dried leaves; colour grey-green; odour faint pleasant; texture leathery saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, phenylpropanoid glycosides (e.g. verbascoside), lignans, neolignans, alkaloids, iridoids, acetylated iridoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids no formal pharmacological studies
Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd. Asphodelaceae Bulbine Bulbine caulescens L
Bulbine rostrata Willd.
fresh leaves knipholone, isoknipholone, gaboroquinone A and B, demethylknipholone glucoside no formal pharmacological studies
Carpobrotus acinaciformis L. Aizoaceae Carpobrotus Carpobrotus concavus L. Bolus
Carpobrotus vanzijliae L. Bolus
fresh or dried leaves; colour dull green when fresh, drying to brittle pale green; taste sour and astringent citric acids, malic acids antimicrobial, antibacteriophage
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