Index:PSA/Medicinal
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&&alepideaatym.pdf&&Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. et Zeyh.&&Apiaceae&&no data&&fresh or dried rhizome and root; colour russet-brown externally; odour pleasant aromatic; texture crisp resinous)&&kaurene-type diterpenes (e.g. ent-16-kaurene-19-oic acid)&&antimicrobial; antihypertensive; diuretic (rat); no cytotoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); no antiviral (HSV-1); antiviral (Cocksackie B2) | &&alepideaatym.pdf&&Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. et Zeyh.&&Apiaceae&&no data&&fresh or dried rhizome and root; colour russet-brown externally; odour pleasant aromatic; texture crisp resinous)&&kaurene-type diterpenes (e.g. ent-16-kaurene-19-oic acid)&&antimicrobial; antihypertensive; diuretic (rat); no cytotoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); no antiviral (HSV-1); antiviral (Cocksackie B2) | ||
&&arctopusechinatus.pdf&&Arctopus echinatus L.&&Apiaceae&&no data&&fresh or dried sliced root; odour pleasant aromatic; texture pliable when fresh, brittle when dry&&saponins, reducing sugars, kaurene-type diterpenes (e.g. ent-16-kaurene-19-oic acid)&&no data | &&arctopusechinatus.pdf&&Arctopus echinatus L.&&Apiaceae&&no data&&fresh or dried sliced root; odour pleasant aromatic; texture pliable when fresh, brittle when dry&&saponins, reducing sugars, kaurene-type diterpenes (e.g. ent-16-kaurene-19-oic acid)&&no data | ||
| − | &&artemisiaafra.pdf&&Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd.&&Asteraceae&&no data&&fresh or dried aerial parts (material comprising leaves, smaller stems, and flowers); colour grey; odour highly aromatic; taste extremely bitter&&saponins, tannins, triterpenes (e.g. alpha- and beta-amyrin, friedelin), alkanes ceryl cerotinate, n-nonacosane, 2 luteolin methyl ethers, sesquiterpene lactones (10 guaianolides and 5 glaucolides), alpha- and beta-thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, alpha-pinene&&antihistaminic | + | &&artemisiaafra.pdf&&Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd.&&Asteraceae&&no data&&fresh or dried aerial parts (material comprising leaves, smaller stems, and flowers); colour grey; odour highly aromatic; taste extremely bitter&&saponins, tannins, triterpenes (e.g. alpha- and beta-amyrin, friedelin), alkanes ceryl cerotinate, n-nonacosane, 2 luteolin methyl ethers, sesquiterpene lactones (10 guaianolides and 5 glaucolides), alpha- and beta-thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, alpha-pinene&&antihistaminic; narcotic analgesic; antioxidant (beta-carotene, linoleic acid); weak antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum); antitumour (mouse); antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis); no antimicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmat, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae); antinematodal (Caenorhabditis elegans); antiamoebic (Entamoeba histolytica); cytotoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); no antihypertensive (Coxsackie B2, HSV-1) |
&&asclepfruit.pdf&&Asclepias fruticosa L.&&Asclepiadaceae&&no data&&fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; colour light yellow-green; odour faint; taste bitter&&glycosides of the cardenolide, pregnanes type (e.g. 17beta-hydroxygomphoside), monosaccharides (e.g. digitoxose, olivose, cymarose, oleandrose and deoxyallose), monosaccharides with cinnamic acids (e.g. sinapic acid)&&uterotonic; cardiotonic; antihypertensive; no decongestant; no analgesic; no antimicrobial (Staphylococus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) | &&asclepfruit.pdf&&Asclepias fruticosa L.&&Asclepiadaceae&&no data&&fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; colour light yellow-green; odour faint; taste bitter&&glycosides of the cardenolide, pregnanes type (e.g. 17beta-hydroxygomphoside), monosaccharides (e.g. digitoxose, olivose, cymarose, oleandrose and deoxyallose), monosaccharides with cinnamic acids (e.g. sinapic acid)&&uterotonic; cardiotonic; antihypertensive; no decongestant; no analgesic; no antimicrobial (Staphylococus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) | ||
&&ballotafric.pdf&&Ballota africana (L.) Benth.&&Lamiaceae&&Marrubium africanum (L.) Benth&&fresh or dried overground parts (material comprising leaves, smaller stems together with occasional flowers and fruits); colour deep green; odour pleasant aromatic; texture rough-hairy&&saponins, tannins, labdane type diterpene lactones (e.g. ballotenone, premarrubiin), flavonoids, pyrrolidine-type alkaloids&&no antimicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis); no cytotoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); antiviral (Coxsackie B2, HSV-1) | &&ballotafric.pdf&&Ballota africana (L.) Benth.&&Lamiaceae&&Marrubium africanum (L.) Benth&&fresh or dried overground parts (material comprising leaves, smaller stems together with occasional flowers and fruits); colour deep green; odour pleasant aromatic; texture rough-hairy&&saponins, tannins, labdane type diterpene lactones (e.g. ballotenone, premarrubiin), flavonoids, pyrrolidine-type alkaloids&&no antimicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis); no cytotoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); antiviral (Coxsackie B2, HSV-1) | ||
Revision as of 14:22, 2 April 2012
| General Index | Orders | Families | Image Links | Edibility |
Medicinal Plants of South Africa by South African National Biodiversity Institute
| PSA Page | Family | Genus (our page) |
Synonyms | Parts used | Major chemical constituents | Bioactivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agathosma betulina (Berg.) Pillans | Rutaceae | Agathosma | Barosma betulina Bartl. and Wendl. f. Hartogia betulina Berg. |
fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; colour light yellow-green; odour highly aromatic; texture soft when fresh, leathery when dry | limonene, rutin, diosmin, menthone, isomenthone, (psi) -diosphenol, diosphenol, pulegone, isopulegone, cis- and trans-8-mercapto-p-menthane-3-one | weak antimicrobial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa); no antimicrobial (Enterococcus hirae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa); smooth muscle spasmogenic (guinea pig ileum); no antiviral (Herpes Type 2, Influenza A2, Poliovirus II, Vaccinia); no cytotoxic (HeLa); antimutagenic (ethyl methanesulphonate, amino anthracene); antiinflammatory (rat paw oedema) |
| Agathosma crenulata (L.) Pillans | Rutaceae | Agathosma | Barosma crenulata Hook. Barosma serratifolia (Vent.) Willd. |
fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; colour light yellow-green; odour highly aromatic; texture soft when fresh, leathery when dry | limonene, menthone, isomenthone, pulegone, isopulegone, cis- and trans-8-mercapto-p-menthane-3-one | no cytoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); no antiviral (HSV-1, Coxsackie B2); weak antimicrobial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae); no antimicrobial (Enterococcus hirae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa); smooth muscle spasmogenic (guinea pig ileum) |
| Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. et Zeyh. | Apiaceae | Alepidea | no data | fresh or dried rhizome and root; colour russet-brown externally; odour pleasant aromatic; texture crisp resinous) | kaurene-type diterpenes (e.g. ent-16-kaurene-19-oic acid) | antimicrobial; antihypertensive; diuretic (rat); no cytotoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); no antiviral (HSV-1); antiviral (Cocksackie B2) |
| Arctopus echinatus L. | Apiaceae | Arctopus | no data | fresh or dried sliced root; odour pleasant aromatic; texture pliable when fresh, brittle when dry | saponins, reducing sugars, kaurene-type diterpenes (e.g. ent-16-kaurene-19-oic acid) | no data |
| Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. | Asteraceae | Artemisia | no data | fresh or dried aerial parts (material comprising leaves, smaller stems, and flowers); colour grey; odour highly aromatic; taste extremely bitter | saponins, tannins, triterpenes (e.g. alpha- and beta-amyrin, friedelin), alkanes ceryl cerotinate, n-nonacosane, 2 luteolin methyl ethers, sesquiterpene lactones (10 guaianolides and 5 glaucolides), alpha- and beta-thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, alpha-pinene | antihistaminic; narcotic analgesic; antioxidant (beta-carotene, linoleic acid); weak antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum); antitumour (mouse); antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis); no antimicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmat, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae); antinematodal (Caenorhabditis elegans); antiamoebic (Entamoeba histolytica); cytotoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); no antihypertensive (Coxsackie B2, HSV-1) |
| Asclepias fruticosa L. | Asclepiadaceae | Asclepias | no data | fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; colour light yellow-green; odour faint; taste bitter | glycosides of the cardenolide, pregnanes type (e.g. 17beta-hydroxygomphoside), monosaccharides (e.g. digitoxose, olivose, cymarose, oleandrose and deoxyallose), monosaccharides with cinnamic acids (e.g. sinapic acid) | uterotonic; cardiotonic; antihypertensive; no decongestant; no analgesic; no antimicrobial (Staphylococus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) |
| Ballota africana (L.) Benth. | Lamiaceae | Ballota | Marrubium africanum (L.) Benth | fresh or dried overground parts (material comprising leaves, smaller stems together with occasional flowers and fruits); colour deep green; odour pleasant aromatic; texture rough-hairy | saponins, tannins, labdane type diterpene lactones (e.g. ballotenone, premarrubiin), flavonoids, pyrrolidine-type alkaloids | no antimicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis); no cytotoxic (HeLa, Vero, Jurkat E6.1, AA-2, CEM-SS); antiviral (Coxsackie B2, HSV-1) |
| Buddleja saligna Willd. | Buddlejaceae | Buddleja | Chilianthus olearaceus Burch. | fresh or dried leaves; colour grey-green; odour faint pleasant; texture leathery | saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, phenylpropanoid glycosides (e.g. verbascoside), lignans, neolignans, alkaloids, iridoids, acetylated iridoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids | no data |
| Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd. | Asphodelaceae | Bulbine | Bulbine caulescens L Bulbine rostrata Willd. |
fresh leaves | knipholone, isoknipholone, gaboroquinone A and B, demethylknipholone glucoside | no antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillis subtilis) |
| Carpobrotus acinaciformis L. | Aizoaceae | Carpobrotus | Carpobrotus concavus L. Bolus Carpobrotus vanzijliae L. Bolus |
fresh or dried leaves; colour dull green when fresh, brittle pale green when dry; taste sour and astringent | citric acids, malic acids | antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus); no antimicrobial (Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis); no antibacteriophage (MS2, PHI-X0174, T-7, T2, T4, Type1) |
| Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L. Bol. | Aizoaceae | Carpobrotus | no data | fresh or dried leaves; colour dull green when fresh, brittle pale green when dry; taste sour and astringent | citric acid, malic acid, flavonoids (e.g. rutin, neohesperidin, hyperoside), ferulic acid, catechol tannins | antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella catarrhalis); no antimicrobial (Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis) |
| Chironia baccifera L. | Gentianaceae | Chironia | no data | fresh or dried aerial parts (bundles of fresh or dried twigs, often with flowers and fruit); colour bright green-yellow; odour faint biter-aromatic; texture soft when fresh | saponins, tannins, secoiridoids (e.g. chironioside, eustomoside, gentiopicroside), triterpene, oleanolic acid | no data |
| Cissampelos capensis L. f. | Menispermaceae | Cissampelos | Antizoma capensis (L.f.) Diels Antizoma capensis (L.f.) Diels var. pulverulenta (harv.) Diels Cissampelos fruticosa L.f. Cissampelos humilis Poir. |
fresh or dried leaves; colour light green; odour faint characteristic; texture thin and soft | alkaloids, saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, benzylisoquinoline, bisbenzylisoquinoline (e.g. tubocurarine, cissampareine), diterpene, triterpene | no antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis) |
| Cliffortia ferruginea L. f. | Rosaceae | Cliffortia | Cliffortia berberidifolia Lam. Cliffortia ferruginea var. flexuosa (E.Mey.) Harv. Cliffortia ferruginea var. latifolia Eckl. et Zeyh. Cliffortia ferruginea var. longifolia Eckl. et Zeyh. Cliffortia ferruginea var. villosa Harv. |
fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; odour faint aromatic; texture leathery | saponins, tannins | weak antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis); no antimicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) |
| Cliffortia odorata L. f. | Rosaceae | Cliffortia | Cliffortia alnifolia Reichenb. Cliffortia odorata L. f. var. vera Harv. |
fresh or dried overground parts (bundles of air-dried material, comprising mainly leaves and occasional flowers); colour dull green; odour pleasantly aromatic; texture leathery | saponins, tannins, triterpen | brine shrimp lethality; antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus); no antimicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis) |
| Conyza scabrida DC. | Asteraceae | Conyza | Conyza ivifolia (L.) Less. Baccharis ivaefolia L. |
fresh or dried leaves and smaller stems; odour pleasantly aromatic; texture soft | saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, diterpene acids (e.g. conyscabraic acid, hautriwaic acid, nidoresedaic, printziaic acid and derivatives) | no antimicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosus) |
| Cotyledon orbiculata L. | Crassulaceae | Cotyledon | no data | fresh leaves; colour bright green to grey-green often with characteristic red margin; odour faint, texture fleshy | orbicusides A-C, tyledoside D | no data |
| Dodonaea angustifolia L. f. | Sapindaceae | Dodonaea | Dodonaea thunbergiana Radlk. Dodonaea thunbergiana Radlk. var. linearis Sonder Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia Benth. |
fresh or dried flowering tops; colour yellow-green; odour faintly aromatic;texture soft to leathery | saponins, tannins, quinones, triterpene, diterpenoid acids (e.g. hautriwaic acid, dodonic acid), flavones (e.g. santin, penduletin, aliarin, 5,7-dihydroxy-3'-(3-hydroxymethylbutyl) -3,6,4'-trimethoxyflavone), flavanones (e.g. pinocembrin) | brine shrimp lethality; no antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis); analgesic (mouse); antipyretic (rat) |
