Category:FL1C
Chalcone
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Upper classes : FL Flavonoid : FL1 Aurone and Chalcone
Contents |
Carthamin (カルタミン)
The oldest known chalcone is from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), a crimson dye that has long been used in India, Egypt, Japan, and other countries. Major pigments in safflower are water-soluble Safflor yellow A, Safflomin A, Safflomin B and Safflomin C (60%). On the other hand, red Carthamin, which is water-insoluble, is only less than 1% [1]. The structure of Carthamin, two chalcones connected by a methine group, was identified in 1979[2]. This is why we do not have Carthamin in this database, which collects only chalcone monomers. The same is true for Safflomin B, whose structure is a coupling of two chalcones.
Major Plant Families
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The number in each family is counted as the number of genera (not species) listed in our registered references. Each reference record is accessible by clicking the link in compound pages. The taxonomy follows the APG-II classification. For details (or if the figure is broken), visit this page. 各科のカウントは種名でなく文献に記載された属名の数です。文献は代謝物ページのリンクからたどれ、分類はAPG-IIです。左の図が表示されない場合はここをクリックしてください。 |
Patterns of Hydroxylation
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The 5th and 6th digits of our flavonoid ID indicates the hydroxylation patterns of A-ring and B-ring (See the upper-right figure. The leftmost ring is A, rightmost is B), respectively. The following chart is spanned by these 2 digits. R indicates H or CH3, and R' indicates H or R. Numbers are IUPAC positions. The value in each cell (such as GS: glycosilation only) corresponds to the 7th and 8th digits, which is explained at the bottom of this page.
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Position of -OH (-OCH3) groups |
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| A (148 pages) | B (7 pages) | C (68 pages) | D (5 pages) | E (5 pages) | F (4 pages) | G (3 pages) | H (0 pages) | I (0 pages) | J (0 pages) | K (1 pages) | L (23 pages) | 8 (17 pages) | 9 (84 pages) | ||
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A (89 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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B (18 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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C (9 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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D (15 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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E (26 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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F (0 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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G (10 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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1 (128 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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2 (16 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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3 (40 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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4 (0 pages) | ||||||||||||||
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9 (14 pages) | ||||||||||||||
Abbreviations used in the above chart
- First Characters
N not glycosylated; G O-glycoside; C C-glycoside; D both glycosides;
- Second Characters
S not modified; M alkylated; I prenylated; R cyclic-prenylated; F furanoFL; P pyranoFL; D furano and pyranoFL; N phenylpropanoid; C others;
- Special Second Character only for Anthycyanin (FL7)
A Galactosylated; L Glucosylated; O modified with other sugars;
Other Unusual Patterns
These types are not classified in the above chart.
| Quinone | QU (15 pages) | alpha-Hydroxy | HX (2 pages) | beta-Hydroxy | HY (37 pages) | Peltogynoid | PT (2 pages) |
| Retrocalchone | RT (15 pages) | Dehydro-backbone | WX (0 pages) | Additional rings | RN (0 pages) | Others | UN (4 pages) |
| Pyranoanthocyanin (FL7 only) | RX (0 pages) | ||||||
Patterns of Glycosylation
The 7th and 8th digits of the flavonoid ID indicates the glycosylation, and other modification patterns, respectively. The following chart is spanned by these 2 digits. The value in each cell (such as AA for the standard form) corresponds to the 5th and 6th digits.
| 7th digit → 8th digit ↓ |
No glycosylation N (355 pages) | O-glycoside G (81 pages) | C-glycoside C (4 pages) | O- & C-glycoside D (0 pages) | |
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| no modification | S (204 pages) | ||||
| alkylated | M (17 pages) | ||||
| prenylated | I (0 pages) | ||||
| cyclic prenylated | R (0 pages) | ||||
| furano FL | F (22 pages) | ||||
| pyrano FL | P (85 pages) | ||||
| furano & pyrano FL | D (2 pages) | ||||
| prenylpropanoid | N (6 pages) | ||||
| others | C (6 pages) | ||||
| 3-Gal related | A | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | |
| 3-Glc related | L | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | |
| other sugar at 3 | O | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | |
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